Physiological markers for immunotherapeutics: a review.

Immunotherapy has been advanced through multiple approaches, including immunogenic cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, therapeutic vaccinations, adoptive cell transfer, stem cell transplantation, and oncolytic viruses. This review analyses various strategies in genomics, transcriptomics, single-cell techniques, computational analysis, big data, and imaging technologies for the identification of tumour microbiota and microenvironments. Immunotherapy is becoming acknowledged as a feasible cancer treatment method, facilitating innovative cancer medicines and personalized medicine techniques.

Autonomous online optimization of a closed-circuit reverse osmosis system.

As freshwater becomes increasingly scarce, many industrial and municipal water utilities look at premise-scale water treatment and reuse to meet water demand. Closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) has been proposed as a promising process design to do so. This sequencing batch process enables operation at higher brine salinity levels by means of a recycle flow.

Prediction of low birth weight from fetal ultrasound and clinical characteristics: a comparative study between a low- and middle-income and a high-income country.

Introduction: Adverse perinatal outcomes (APO) pose a significant global challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to analyse two cohorts of high-risk pregnant women for APO to comprehend risk factors and improve prediction accuracy.

Methods: We considered an LMIC and a high-income country (HIC) population to derive XGBoost classifiers to predict low birth weight (LBW) from a comprehensive set of maternal and fetal characteristics including socio-demographic, past and current pregnancy information, fetal biometry and fetoplacental Doppler measurements.

Young Adult Resilience for Recovery From Substance Addiction in Assam, India: Lived Experience Insights From a Photo-Led Interview Study.

Substance addiction can be considered a form of social injustice grounded in interactions between individual, family and community-level risk factors. Although prevention and treatment of substance use disorder is a key target of the United Nations sustainable development goal Good Health and Well-Being, many low-and-middle-income countries lack a culturally validated approach for its management. We contend that a resilience approach may provide a sound basis from which to develop such an approach in non-western, low-resource settings.

Low-Energy Optical Sum Rule in Moiré Graphene.

Few layers of graphene at small twist angles have emerged as a fascinating platform for studying the problem of strong interactions in regimes with a nearly quenched single-particle kinetic energy and nontrivial band topology. Starting from the strong-coupling limit of twisted bilayer graphene with a vanishing single-electron bandwidth and interlayer tunneling between the same sublattice sites, we present an exact analytical theory of the Coulomb interaction-induced low-energy optical spectral weight at all integer fillings. In this limit, while the interaction-induced single-particle dispersion is finite, the optical spectral weight vanishes identically at integer fillings.

Physics of collective transport and traffic phenomena in biology: Progress in 20 years.

Enormous progress has been made in the last 20 years since the publication of our review [1] in this journal on transport and traffic phenomena in biology. In this brief article we present a glimpse of the major advances during this period. First, we present similarities and differences between collective intracellular transport of a single micron-size cargo by multiple molecular motors and that of a cargo particle by a team of ants on the basis of the common principle of load-sharing.

Probiotic bacteria-released extracellular vesicles enhance macrophage phagocytosis in polymicrobial sepsis by activating the FPR1/2 pathway.

Background: Sepsis-induced organ failure and high mortality are largely ascribed to the failure of bacterial clearance from the infected tissues. Recently, probiotic bacteria-released extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have been implicated as critical mediators of intercellular communication which are widely involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response. However, their functional role in macrophage phagocytosis during sepsis has never been explored.

Pioneering technologies over time to rehabilitate crude oil-contaminated ecosystems: a review.

The unremitting pollution of our environment induced by crude oil spillage and drilling site accidents has jeopardized every living species in the biological ecosystem. Removing heavy crude oil constituents with the help of traditional and mainstream oil sorbents because of their ingrained raised viscosities is a strenuous venture. Lighter distillates of crude oil, like condensate, do not aggregate with tremulous shine on the aquatic surface nor settle at the bottom sediment of the water bodies like the heavier components do with time.

Boron: An intriguing factor in retarding Alzheimer's progression.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the fifth most common cause of mortality worldwide and the second most common cause of death in developed countries. The etiology of AD remains poorly understood; however, it is correlated with the accumulation of proteins in the brain, ultimately leading to cellular damage. Multiple factors, including genetic and environmental factors such as chemicals or food, have been linked to protein aggregation and cell death in AD.

AI-enabled workflow for automated classification and analysis of feto-placental Doppler images.

Introduction: Extraction of Doppler-based measurements from feto-placental Doppler images is crucial in identifying vulnerable new-borns prenatally. However, this process is time-consuming, operator dependent, and prone to errors.

Methods: To address this, our study introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) enabled workflow for automating feto-placental Doppler measurements from four sites (i.

53BP1-the 'Pandora's box' of genome integrity.

53BP1 has several functions in the maintenance of genome integrity. It functions as a key mediator involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair, which functions to maintain a balance in the repair pathway choices and in preserving genomic stability. While its DSB repair functions are relatively well-characterized, its role in DNA replication and replication fork protection is less understood.

Uncovering Integrated Dual-State ESIPT-Conductivity, Redox-Capacity, and Opto-Electronic Responses Toward Hg(II)/ Cr(III) of Aliphatic Fluorescent Polymers.

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-associated dual-state emissive aliphatic dual-light emitting conducting polymers (DLECPs) having oxidation-reduction capacities are prepared polymerizing 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, methacrylic acid, and 2-methyl-3-(N-(2-methyl-1-sulfopropan-2-yl)acrylamido)propanoic acid monomers. Of as-synthesized DLECPs, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, fluorescent enhancements (I/I), and computational investigation indicate intriguing photophysical features in DLECP3 (optimum composition). In DLECP3, ─CONH─, ─CON<, and ─COOH subluminophores are recognized by density-functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent-DFT calculations and experimental investigations.

Neurometabolic substrate transport across brain barriers in diabetes mellitus: Implications for cognitive function and neurovascular health.

Neurometabolic homeostasis in the brain depends on the coordinated transport of glucose and other essential substrates across brain barriers, primarily the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), persistent hyperglycemia disrupts these processes, leading to neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. This review examines how T2DM alters glucose and neurometabolite transport, emphasizing the role of glucose transporters and the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle in maintaining cerebral energy balance.

Blood-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Advancing Non-Invasive Diagnostics and Prognostics.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is expected to rise dramatically in incidence due to the global population aging. Traditional diagnostic approaches, such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis and positron emission tomography, are expensive and invasive, limiting their routine clinical use. Recent advances in blood-based biomarkers, including amyloid-beta, phosphorylated tau, and neurofilament light, offer promising non-invasive alternatives for early AD detection and disease monitoring.

RT-qPCR Analysis of Inflammatory & Apoptotic Factors-Related Gene Expression in ZIKV-Infected IFNAR1 Mice.

ZIKV was a mosquito-borne neglected tropical pathogen until it spread into the Pacific and South America, followed by large human outbreaks related to congenital abnormalities in neonates and neurological disorders in adults. The following study used the C57BL/6 IFNAR1 receptor knockout (IFN AR1) mouse model to understand the role of selected cytokines and apoptotic factors in the pathogenicity of ZIKV strain PRVABC59. Mice infected with 10 particles of Zika viruses died until 9 days post infection.

ANODYNE study: A double-blind randomized trial of greater occipital nerve block of methylprednisolone and lignocaine versus placebo as a transitional preventive treatment for episodic cluster headache.

Background: There is inadequate evidence of the efficacy of greater occipital nerve block (GONB) for the preventive treatment of cluster headaches. We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of GONB injections as a transitional preventive treatment for episodic cluster headaches (ECH).

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted at GB Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India, included ECH patients diagnosed by ICHD-3 criteria, aged 18-65, with one or more attacks per 24 h for seven days before randomization (baseline).

Exploring Through-Space Charge Transfer-Mediated Optoelectrochemical Properties of Dual-State Luminescent Aliphatic Polymers and Optoelectronic Responses toward Metal Ions.

Herein, natural-synthetic hybrid dual-state luminescent conducting polymers (DLCPs/DLCP1-DLCP8) possessing significant optoelectrochemical properties are strategically developed by the polymerization of prop-2-enamide, cis-butenedioic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, and in situ-generated 2-(3-acrylamidopropanamido)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid alongside the grafting of gum tragacanth. The spectroscopic data of aliphatic DLCPs affirm DLCP7 as the most stable supramolecular assembly endowing optoelectronic properties. Computational calculations identified -C(═O)NH-, -C(═O)OH, -OH, and -SOH as subluminophores.

Trends in Gaps of Care for Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: Implications for Social Determinants of Health and Child Opportunity Index.

Background: Lifelong continuity of care is essential for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) to maximize health outcomes; unfortunately, gaps in care (GIC) are common. Trends in GIC and of social determinants of health factors contributing to GIC are poorly understood.

Methods And Results: This retrospective cohort study included patients with CHD, aged 0 to 34 years, who underwent surgery between January 2003 and May 2020, followed up at a pediatric subspeciality hospital.

Neuroinflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System Associated with Monkeypox Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Call to Action.

Background: The Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic pathogen of the Orthopoxvirus genus, has shown a marked global spread, resulting in cases of neuroinflammatory disorders. This systematic review aims to summarize the central nervous system manifestations linked to monkeypox virus infection.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines.

An Improvised External Ventricular Drain Fixation Technique to Avoid Pullout-Related Complications in a Low-Resource Setting: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study in a Single Center of Nepal.

Background And Objectives: An external ventricular drain (EVD) placement is a commonly performed life-saving procedure. Its accidental pullout can occur in complex environments, patient care, and positioning, which leads to significant morbidity. The method of EVD fixation and pullout rates is sparsely described in the literature, and there exists a wide variation among the techniques practiced for fixation.

NEAT1 modulates the TIRR/53BP1 complex to maintain genome integrity.

Tudor Interacting Repair Regulator (TIRR) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) that interacts directly with 53BP1, restricting its access to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and its association with p53. We utilized iCLIP to identify RNAs that directly bind to TIRR within cells, identifying the long non-coding RNA NEAT1 as the primary RNA partner. The high affinity of TIRR for NEAT1 is due to prevalent G-rich motifs in the short isoform (NEAT1_1) region of NEAT1.