The impact of co-occurring tumor suppressor mutations with mEGFR as early indicators of relapse in lung cancer.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma frequently presents with EGFR mutations, often progressing on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) despite an initial response. Progression is frequently driven by additional genetic changes, including mutations in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Understanding the role of these concurrent TSG mutations can help elucidate resistance mechanisms and guide the development of more effective treatment approaches.

MiR-451a attenuates hepatic steatosis and hepatitis C virus replication by targeting glycerol kinase.

Background: Lipotoxicity is one of the causes for the progression of fatty liver in chronic hepatitis (CH) towards end-stage liver diseases. The role of miRNAs in the signalling pathways of lipid metabolism has been studied, but their direct targets in this pathway have not been identified yet. Here, we have characterized a downregulated miRNA in CH namely miR-451a, which has a direct impact on the lipid metabolism pathway.

Enhanced large-scale flood mapping using data-efficient unsupervised framework based on morphological active contour model and single synthetic aperture radar image.

Floods are critical hydrological extremes that cause significant environmental damage. Remote sensing data, specifically Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), derived flood maps are crucial for detecting and quantifying this damage, enabling effective flood management and damage assessment. However, majority of SAR-based flood mapping frameworks are supervised and often face the problem of data generalisation and data labelling, which presents a challenge for model transferability and rapid mapping.

Oral Health and Hygiene Practices from Baramulla District, Jammu and Kashmir, India: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Observational Survey.

: Oral hygiene practices are important for good oral health and overall well-being. In this study, we surveyed people across age groups and genders to understand the oral hygiene practices of Baramulla district of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. 488 participants-229 males and 259 females-were randomly interviewed through a structured 20-item questionnaire.

Ethics in Patient Preferences for Artificial Intelligence-Drafted Responses to Electronic Messages.

Importance: The rise of patient messages sent to clinicians via a patient portal has directly led to physician burnout and dissatisfaction, prompting uptake of artificial intelligence (AI) to alleviate this burden. It is important to understand patient preferences around AI in patient-clinician communication as ethical guidelines on appropriate use and disclosure (patient notification of AI use) are developed.

Objective: To analyze patient preferences regarding use of AI in electronic messages.

Genetic origins of the Kiritimati population from central-eastern Micronesia.

The migration of Austronesian-speaking populations through Oceania has intrigued researchers for decades. The Kiribati islands, situated along the boundaries of Micronesia and Polynesia, provide a crucial link in this migration. We analyzed the genome-wide data of the Kiritimati population of Kiribati to uncover their genetic origins and connections with other Oceanian groups.

Green synthesis of silver-modified bacterial cellulose with enhanced antimicrobial activity for advanced biomedical application.

In this study, pure BC was biosynthesized and modified with silver (Ag) impregnation under an eco-friendly photocatalytic reduction reaction. For BC production, Acetobacter sp. was isolated from raw mango vinegar produced by the fermentation process under optimized conditions.

Application of unified health large language model evaluation framework to In-Basket message replies: bridging qualitative and quantitative assessments.

Objectives: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in healthcare, transforming medical practice through advanced language processing capabilities. However, the evaluation of LLMs predominantly relies on human qualitative assessment, which is time-consuming, resource-intensive, and may be subject to variability and bias. There is a pressing need for quantitative metrics to enable scalable, objective, and efficient evaluation.

Effects of the KCNQ (Kv7) Channel Opener Ezogabine on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Striatal Brain Reward Regions, Depression and Anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with available treatments often showing limited efficacy. Recent research suggests targeting specific subtypes of depression and understanding the underlying brain mechanisms can improve treatment outcomes. This study investigates the potential of the potassium KCNQ (Kv7) channel opener ezogabine to modulate the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the brain's reward circuitry and alleviate depressive symptoms, including anhedonia, a core feature of MDD.

High throughput screening identifies potential inhibitors targeting trimethoprim resistant DfrA1 protein in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

The DfrA1 protein provides trimethoprim resistance in bacteria, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, by modifying dihydrofolate reductase, which reduces the binding efficacy of the antibiotic. This study identified inhibitors of the trimethoprim-resistant DfrA1 protein through high-throughput computational screening and optimization of 3,601 newly synthesized chemical compounds from the ChemDiv database, aiming to discover potential drug candidates targeting DfrA1 in K. pneumoniae and E.

Introducing Regioselective Disulfide Linkages in Peptides under Pseudodilute Conditions by Harnessing Bro̷nsted Acid-Activated -Chlorosuccinimide.

Methods that assemble multiple peptide disulfide bonds in the solid phase (pseudodilute conditions) are in high demand for synthesizing disulfide-rich peptides. Yet, the existing repertoire of disulfide-forming orthogonal chemistries in the solid phase is often hindered by additional steps for protecting group removals as well as the absolute necessity of rare, customized orthogonal cysteine (Cys) building blocks. We now describe a conceptually new while operationally simple on-resin method for disulfide assembly with widely accessible Cys protecting groups (Trt, Acm, and Bu) using acid-activated N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) in a single step.

The Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects over one-fourth of the global adult population and is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. To address this, the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) has created clinical practice guidelines focused on MAFLD. The guidelines cover various aspects of the disease, such as its epidemiology, diagnosis, screening, assessment, and treatment.

mHealth intervention (mTB-Tobacco) for smoking cessation in people with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis in Bangladesh and Pakistan: protocol for an adaptive design, cluster randomised controlled trial (Quit4TB).

Introduction: People with tuberculosis (TB) who continue to smoke are more likely to have poor health outcomes than those who quit. Established smoking cessation approaches such as mHealth may help patients with TB quit smoking. This paper summarises the methodology proposed to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mTB-Tobacco (an mHealth intervention) in helping patients with TB stop smoking and have improved health outcomes.

Capsicum chinense Jacq. fruit plays an immunomodulatory role in cytokine attenuation and DNA damage protection.

Capsicum chinense (C. chinense) Jacq., recognized for its bioactive compounds, has attracted interest due to its possible immunomodulatory and DNA-damage-protective effects.

PRMT5 inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma tumor models to temozolomide.

Background: Despite multi-model therapy of maximal surgical resection, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields, glioblastoma patients show dismal prognosis. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is overexpressed in glioblastoma and its inhibition imparts an anti-tumor effect. Even though Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of glioblastoma, tumor cells invariably develop resistance to TMZ.

Biofilm associated growth inhibition of XDR Escherichia fergusonii strain ACE12 isolated from soil.

Biofilm formation by bacteria is highly recognized for virulence factors resulting in their resistance to antimicrobials that lead to biofilm-associated infections. In this study, we isolated Escherichia fergusonii from soil, characterized its biofilm-associated growth, and evaluated the inhibitory potential of anti-biofilm compounds. Test isolate ACE12 was precisely identified as E.

Molecular Chimera in Cancer Drug Discovery: Beyond Antibody Therapy, Designing Grafted Stable Peptides Targeting Cancer.

Background: Several cancer therapies are being developed, and given the variability of different cancer types, the goal of these therapies is to remove the invasive tumor from the body, kill the cancer cells, or else retard the growth. These include chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapy using small molecules and antibodies. However, antibodies can generate an immune response upon repeated administration, and producing antibodies could be expensive.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): the 'Kyoto Consensus'-steps from Asia.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition associated with high mortality in the absence of liver transplantation. There have been various definitions proposed worldwide. The first consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set in 2004 on ACLF was published in 2009, and the "APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)" was formed in 2012.

Multidrug-resistant ESBL in urban surface waters and public health implications: A Case Study from Goranchatbari, Dhaka.

Surface water pollution from rapid urbanization, industrialization, inadequate sanitation, and excessive agrochemical use is a global crisis. In developing countries, water quality is one of the most urgent environmental issues. The presence of pathogenic extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing in surface water poses a critical public health concern by increasing the risk of waterborne diseases and spreading multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections.

Neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system associated with monkeypox virus: a systematic review and call to action.

Background: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as a significant global health concern with outbreaks worldwide. While MPXV is primarily known for its dermatological and systemic manifestations, it can also cause central nervous system (CNS) complications. This systematic review describes the demographic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of MPXV-associated CNS neuroinflammatory disorders.

Phosphorus transitions driven by cyclone biparjoy linked middle east North Africa (MENA) and Indian Thar Desert dust storm pathways in Asia's largest grassland.

Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for terrestrial ecosystems like grassland and plays a critical role in influencing primary productivity and hence ecosystem dynamics. The deposition of airborne dust, particularly from arid and semiarid regions, has been recognised as a significant source of phosphorus input in distant ecosystems. The study area, the Banni grassland, is a semiarid ecosystem with a unique geological history that has experienced degradation for various natural and anthropogenic reasons.

Timp2 loss-of-function mutation and TIMP2 treatment in a murine model of NSCLC: Modulation of immunosuppression and oncogenic signaling.

Mounting evidence suggests that the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP2) can reduce tumor burden and metastasis. However, the demonstration of such anti-tumor activity and associated mechanisms using in vivo tumor models is lacking. The effects of a Timp2 functional mutation and administration of recombinant TIMP2 were examined in both orthotopic and heterotopic murine models of lung cancer using C57Bl/6 syngeneic Lewis Lung 2-luciferase 2 cells (LL2-Luc2) cells.

Rim learning framework based on TS-GAN: A new paradigm of automated glaucoma screening from fundus images.

Glaucoma detection from fundus images often relies on biomarkers such as the Cup-to-Disc Ratio (CDR) and Rim-to-Disc Ratio (RDR). However, precise segmentation of the optic cup and disc is challenging due to low-contrast boundaries and the interference of blood vessels and optic nerves. This article presents a novel automated framework for glaucoma detection that focuses on the rim structure as a biomarker, excluding the conventional reliance on CDR and RDR.

Epidemiological and Geographical Factors Associated with Dengue in Bangladesh: A Multicenter Study of the 2023 Dengue Epidemic.

Bangladesh is a well-known epidemic zone for dengue fever. Several epidemiological and geographical factors influence the transmission and severity of dengue infection. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological and geographical factors that contributed to the severity of the dengue outbreak in Bangladesh in 2023.

Production Optimization and Potential Bioactivities of Biosurfactant from PET Surface-Dwelling Oligotrophic Bacillus sp. EIKU23.

The growing demand for efficient biosurfactants in various industrial sectors has driven the search for sustainable alternatives, enhanced production methods, and low-cost substrates. This study aimed to optimize the production, characterize, and assess the bioactivities of biosurfactants produced by an oligotrophic PET plastic-associated Bacillus sp. EIKU23.