The first cases of Candida auris candidaemia in Oman.

Candida auris has been recognised as a problematic healthcare-associated emerging yeast which is often misidentified as Candida haemulonii by commercial systems. Correct early identification of C. auris is important for appropriate antifungal treatment and implementing effective infection control measures.

Tracing Genetic Exchange and Biogeography of var. at the Global Population Level.

var. is the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis, a significant source of mortality in immunocompromised individuals, typically human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients from developing countries. Despite the worldwide emergence of this ubiquitous infection, little is known about the global molecular epidemiology of this fungal pathogen.

A case of multiple cardiac calcified amorphous tumours.

Cardiac calcified amorphous tumours of the heart are rare non-neoplastic cardiac masses that can present like a malignant mass or an intra-cardiac thrombus. We report an extremely unusual case of a 73year old man who presented to hospital with dyspnoea and subsequent investigations revealed multiple cardiac CATs.

Rapid and Accurate Molecular Identification of the Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Candida auris.

is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen causing nosocomial and invasive infections associated with high mortality. is commonly misidentified as several different yeast species by commercially available phenotypic identification platforms. Thus, there is an urgent need for a reliable diagnostic method.

Genetic Characterization of Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic 2009 Virus Isolates from Mumbai.

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus was first detected in India in May 2009 which subsequently became endemic in many parts of the country. Influenza A viruses have the ability to evade the immune response through its ability of antigenic variations. The study aims to characterize influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 viruses circulating in Mumbai during the pandemic and post-pandemic period.

Differential proteomic analysis of respiratory samples from patients suffering from influenza.

The exact molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of influenza are yet unclear. In the present study we investigated the upper respiratory proteome in influenza patients. 200 nasal and throat swab samples were collected from patients suffering from acute respiratory illness.

Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in .

This study aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of a panel of strains recovered from vaginal samples in different countries. All fungal strains were heterozygous at the mating-type-like locus and belonged to the genotype A of . Moreover, all examined strains lack -acetylglucosamine assimilation and sequence analysis of the gene showed a distinctive polymorphism that impair the utilization of this amino sugar in this yeast.

Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI Reference Microdilution MICs of Eight Antifungal Compounds for Candida auris and Associated Tentative Epidemiological Cutoff Values.

is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast. So far, all but two susceptibility testing studies have examined ≤50 isolates, mostly with the CLSI method. We investigated CLSI and EUCAST MICs for 123 isolates and eight antifungals and evaluated various methods for epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) determinations.

A prospective international Aspergillus terreus survey: an EFISG, ISHAM and ECMM joint study.

Objectives: A prospective international multicentre surveillance study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and amphotericin B susceptibility of Aspergillus terreus species complex infections.

Methods: A total of 370 cases from 21 countries were evaluated.

Results: The overall prevalence of A.

Evaluation of Hiaureus Coagulase Confirmation Kit in Identification of .

Introduction: is a facultative anaerobic Gram positive coccal bacterium whose incidence ranges to different infections. It is a cause of various uncomplicated skin infections, abscesses, septicaemia/bacteraemia, gastroenteritis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome and food intoxications. Various methods with varied time, sensitivities, specificities and costs are available, but may not be used as a reliable test for the identification and differentiation of .

Neutralizing Antibody Response and Efficacy of Novel Recombinant Tetravalent Dengue DNA Vaccine Comprising Envelope Domain III in Mice.

Background: Dengue is a global arboviral threat to humans; causing 390 million infections per year. The availability of safe and effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is a global requirement to prevent epidemics, morbidity, and mortality associated with it.

Methods: Five experimental groups (6 mice per group) each of 5-week-old BALB/c mice were immunized with vaccine and placebo (empty plasmid) (100 µg, i.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci: Emerging pathogen in central nervous system shunt infection.

Central nervous system (CNS) shunts are commonly used to treat patients with hydrocephalus. Its placement is associated with increased risk of infection. The study was intended to evaluate infection rate associated with CNS shunt surgeries and identify risk factors for shunt infection.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Confers Neuroprotection in a Murine Model of Japanese Encephalitis.

Objective: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a debilitating disease caused by infection with the JE virus (JEV; family: Flaviviridae), which leaves neurological sequelae in survivors but more often leads to mortality. Neurodegeneration caused by inflammation is the primary pathology behind the clinical manifestation of encephalitis caused by JEV. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used in immunoprophylaxis for tuberculosis and in the adjuvant therapy of many malignancies, and has exhibited neuroprotective activities in experimental models of Parkinson and Alzheimer disease.

Global Population Genetic Analysis of .

is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing invasive aspergillosis, a globally distributed disease with a mortality rate of up to 90% in high-risk populations. Effective control and prevention of this disease require a thorough understanding of its epidemiology. However, despite significant efforts, the global molecular epidemiology of remains poorly understood.

Technique tip: Simultaneous first metatarsal lengthening and metatarsophalangeal joint fusion for failed hallux valgus surgery with transfer metatarsalgia.

Background: Failed hallux valgus surgery may result in residual or recurrent hallux valgus, and as well transfer metatarsalgia. The present technical tip concerns the combination of fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and lengthening of the first metatarsal (MT) through a scarf osteotomy.

Materials And Methods: Six patients underwent the presented technique, all for the indication of failed hallux valgus surgery with shortening of the first MT and degenerative changes in the 1st MTP joint.

Molecular and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Characterization of Clinically Significant Melanized Fungi in India.

Melanized or black fungi are a heterogeneous group of fungi causing cutaneous to systemic diseases with high mortality. These fungi are rarely reported as agents of human infections, primarily due to difficulties in their classical identification. In this study, we examined, using molecular methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ioniazation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the diversity of melanized fungi (MF) isolated from patients in 19 medical centers in India.

Clinical implications of globally emerging azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus.

Aspergillus fungi are the cause of an array of diseases affecting humans, animals and plants. The triazole antifungal agents itraconazole, voriconazole, isavuconazole and posaconazole are treatment options against diseases caused by Aspergillus However, resistance to azoles has recently emerged as a new therapeutic challenge in six continents. Although de novo azole resistance occurs occasionally in patients during azole therapy, the main burden is the aquisition of resistance through the environment.

Simultaneous Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris on 3 Continents Confirmed by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Epidemiological Analyses.

Background: Candida auris, a multidrug-resistant yeast that causes invasive infections, was first described in 2009 in Japan and has since been reported from several countries.

Methods: To understand the global emergence and epidemiology of C. auris, we obtained isolates from 54 patients with C.

Syndesmosis reduction by computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery with navigation: Feasibility and accuracy in a cadaveric study.

Introduction: Syndesmotic disruption may be difficult to reduce and fix, and malreduction is associated with inferior outcomes. Intraoperative computed tomography (CT) can provide accurate assessment of syndesmotic reduction. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3-D) computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS) with navigation of syndesmotic reduction could avoid malreduction.

First hospital outbreak of the globally emerging in a European hospital.

Background: is a globally emerging multidrug resistant fungal pathogen causing nosocomial transmission. We report an ongoing outbreak of in a London cardio-thoracic center between April 2015 and July 2016. This is the first report of in Europe and the largest outbreak so far.

Phenotyping at hot spots and tagging of QTLs conferring spot blotch resistance in bread wheat.

Spot blotch is a major foliar disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana in warm and humid environments of the world including South Asian countries. In India, it has a larger impact in Indo-Gangetic plains of the country. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to phenotype a mapping population at different hot spots of India and to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to spot blotch in wheat.

Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Linn. Against Rabies Virus.

Objective: The soxhlet and cold extracts of Linn. were evaluated for antirabies activity.

Materials And Methods: Soxhlet and cold extraction method were used to extract Datura (fruit and seed) extracts.

Multidrug-resistant Candida auris: 'new kid on the block' in hospital-associated infections?

Since being first reported in an ear swab in 2009, and in blood cultures in 2011, invasive infections with Candida auris have been reported in many countries across several continents. We review current knowledge of the epidemiology of this emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen. The importance of species identification and the inadequacies of many widely used identification systems are considered.

Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Rhytidhysteron rufulum and Review of Literature.

Phaeohyphomycosis is caused by a heterogeneous group of mycelial dematiaceous (phaeoid) fungi, which produce melanin pigment. This condition is often confused with chromoblastomycosis. Rhytidhysteron is a dematiaceous fungus, which has been recently found to be causing human infections.