Effects of Different Dietary Supplements on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Nutritional supplements are widely used by swimmers, but the effectiveness of various supplements and the identification of the most effective intervention require further investigation.

Purpose: This paper evaluated and compared the effectiveness of various nutrition-based interventions on swimming performance through both direct and indirect comparisons.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus databases were thoroughly searched up to 4 April 2024.

Multilingualism and developmental language disorder in Southeast Asian speech-language pathology practice: An international survey.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the current practices and challenges faced by speech-language pathologists in three Southeast Asian countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam) in assessing and treating multilingual children with developmental language disorder.

Method: A survey was designed and administered to 110 speech-language pathologists across Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. The survey contained 60 questions on current practices and knowledge of existing resources for assessing and treating multilingual children with developmental language disorder.

A scoping review on peer-led interventions to improve youth mental health in low- and middle-income countries.

Youth living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have an increased vulnerability to mental illnesses, with many lacking access to adequate treatment. There has been a growing body of interventions using task sharing with trained peer leaders to address this mental health gap. This scoping review examines the characteristics, effectiveness, components of peer delivery and challenges of peer-led mental health interventions for youth aged 10-24 in LMICs.

Artefacts and diagnostic pitfalls in contrast-enhanced mammography: a pictorial review.

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is an advanced emerging imaging technique that uses iodine contrast medium to improve breast cancer detection. Understanding CEM artefacts and pitfalls is important to prevent diagnostic misinterpretation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the artefacts and potential diagnostic pitfalls encountered in CEM, focusing on their characteristic imaging features and strategies to mitigate these issues.

Normative values of spinal and peripheral proprioception in position sense among healthy adolescents and young adults.

Establishing normative values and understanding how proprioception varies among body parts is crucial. However, the variability across individuals, especially adolescents, makes it difficult to establish norms. This prevents further investigation into classifying patients with abnormal proprioception.

Enhancing Radiologist Efficiency with AI: A Multi-Reader Multi-Case Study on Aortic Dissection Detection and Prioritization.

Background And Objectives: Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening condition in which early detection can significantly improve patient outcomes and survival. This study evaluates the clinical benefits of integrating a deep learning (DL)-based application for the automated detection and prioritization of AD on chest CT angiographies (CTAs) with a focus on the reduction in the scan-to-assessment time (STAT) and interpretation time (IT).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) study compared AD detection with and without artificial intelligence (AI) assistance.

Patient Preferences with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema: A Multinational Discrete Choice Experiment Study.

Introduction: New anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments are emerging for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME)/neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This study aimed to explore the treatment attributes patients find important when deciding on treatment options.

Methods: This noninterventional survey study assessed treatment preferences through a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among patients with DME/nAMD in the USA, Canada, France, Italy, Spain, and the UK.

Imaging-Guided Classification of Neovascularization in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Progress to Date.

To review the evolution of terminology describing the classification of lesions in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) based on retinal imaging technologies. A review of the current and historical literature on imaging-guided classification of neovascularization in nAMD was performed. Imaging-guided classification of neovascularization in nAMD facilitates understanding of the pathological mechanisms and disease progression.

Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Although recent studies have increasingly focused on examining the potential benefits of creatine supplementation to improve performance in swimming events, the impact of creatine supplementation on swimming performance remains a topic of debate and controversy. A comprehensive meta-analytical review was undertaken to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on the performance, physiological response, and body composition among swimmers.

Methods: The research methodology adhered strictly to the guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Building and testing of a robotic intervention framework to enhancing the social engagement of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Purpose: Humanoid robot intervention programmes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are being developed rapidly. This study aimed to develop and test a robotic intervention framework for children with ASD to ensure best practice.

Methods: In Phase I of this study, an initial framework was built based on a scoping review.

Differences in the stride time and lower limb joint angles and their variability during distance running between treadmill and over-ground: a crossover study.

Background: Treadmills have been used in laboratories to assess various measures related to walking and running. However, there has been some skepticism regarding their reliability as a representation of outdoor running. While marathon running has gained popularity as a form of physical activity, there have been few studies examining stride-to-stride variability after distance running, especially in relation to the duration and surface of running.

Diagnostic Performance of a Deep Learning-Powered Application for Aortic Dissection Triage Prioritization and Classification.

This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL)-based application for detecting, classifying, and highlighting suspected aortic dissections (ADs) on chest and thoraco-abdominal CT angiography (CTA) scans. CTA scans from over 200 U.S.

The influence of occupant control behaviour on thermal comfort under different heating charging modes in residential buildings in cold regions.

In China's central heating, there are two modes for calculating heating costs, which are divided into Charging by flow mode which charges according to the amount of use and Charging by area mode which charges according to the floor area. The Charging by flow mode has been increasingly adopted by numerous urban central heating buildings. Thus it is worth investigating whether occupants experience varying levels of thermal comfort under these two modes.

Dr. Manuel Martinez-Maldonado: A Pioneer in Renal Therapeutics and Mentor to a Generation of Minority Physician-Scientists.

Dr. Manuel Martinez-Maldonado is a distinguished Puerto Rican internist, nephrologist, physician-scientist, mentor, and prolific writer whose leadership in academic and clinical settings has significantly advanced the fields of nephrology, renal physiology and pharmacology, fluids and electrolyte metabolism, calcium metabolism, hypertension research, and medical education. His research on electrolyte imbalances has led to innovative hypercalcemia treatments, notably furosemide with IV fluid therapy.

Quantifying DNA damage following light sheet and confocal imaging of the mammalian embryo.

Embryo quality assessment by optical imaging is increasing in popularity. Among available optical techniques, light sheet microscopy has emerged as a superior alternative to confocal microscopy due to its geometry, enabling faster image acquisition with reduced photodamage to the sample. However, previous assessments of photodamage induced by imaging may have failed to measure more subtle impacts.

Substrate-Assisted Atomic Dispersion of Cobalt for Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

Atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts have recently attracted broad research interest due to their high atom efficiency and unique catalytic performance. In this study, atomic dispersion of cobalt is achieved using a chemical bath deposition method on a highly stable alkali titanate film (Ti/KTiO). These films were characterized using a variety of techniques, with atomic dispersion confirmed via grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio modeling of single-atom systems.

Generating colloquial radiology reports with large language models.

Objectives: Patients are increasingly being given direct access to their medical records. However, radiology reports are written for clinicians and typically contain medical jargon, which can be confusing. One solution is for radiologists to provide a "colloquial" version that is accessible to the layperson.

Performance and clinical utility of an artificial intelligence-enabled tool for pulmonary embolism detection.

Purpose: Diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) is still challenging due to other conditions that can mimic its appearance, leading to incomplete or delayed management and several inter-observer variabilities. This study evaluated the performance and clinical utility of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based application designed to assist clinicians in the detection of PE on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA).

Patients And Methods: CTPAs from 230 US cities acquired on 57 scanner models from 6 different vendors were retrospectively collected.

Dynamics of peripheral T cell exhaustion and monocyte subpopulations in neurocognitive impairment and brain atrophy in chronic HIV infection.

Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is hypothesized to be a result of myeloid cell-induced neuro-inflammation in the central nervous system that may be initiated in the periphery, but the contribution of peripheral T cells in HAND pathogenesis remains poorly understood.

Methods: We assessed markers of T cell activation (HLA-DR + CD38+), immunosenescence (CD57 + CD28-), and immune-exhaustion (TIM-3, PD-1 and TIGIT) as well as monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) by flow cytometry in peripheral blood derived from individuals with HIV on long-term stable anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Additionally, normalized neuropsychological (NP) composite test z-scores were obtained and regional brain volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Artificial Intelligence Efficacy as a Function of Trainee Interpreter Proficiency: Lessons from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Recently, artificial intelligence tools have been deployed with increasing speed in educational and clinical settings. However, the use of artificial intelligence by trainees across different levels of experience has not been well-studied. This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence assistance on the diagnostic accuracy for intracranial hemorrhage and large-vessel occlusion by medical students and resident trainees.

Systematic Review of Prognosis Models in Predicting Tooth Loss in Periodontitis.

This study reviews and appraises the methodological and reporting quality of prediction models for tooth loss in periodontitis patients, including the use of regression and machine learning models. Studies involving prediction modeling for tooth loss in periodontitis patients were screened. A search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL up to 12 February 2022, with citation chasing.

Viewing early life without labels: optical approaches for imaging the early embryo†.

Embryo quality is an important determinant of successful implantation and a resultant live birth. Current clinical approaches for evaluating embryo quality rely on subjective morphology assessments or an invasive biopsy for genetic testing. However, both approaches can be inherently inaccurate and crucially, fail to improve the live birth rate following the transfer of in vitro produced embryos.