Transcriptome expression profiles between diploid and triploid Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) juveniles in response to acute heat-stress and hypoxia treatments.

With an increasing interest for the use of triploids in abalone aquaculture, it is crucial to understand their physiological responses to environmental stress, particularly such as heat-stress and hypoxia, which are significant factors that cause adverse effects on the efficiency and capacity of farming practice in abalone production. However, nothing is known about gene expression of triploid abalone to modulate physiological responses under different environmental stresses. Transcriptomic response to the acute heat-stress and hypoxia were explored in hepatopancreas of diploid and triploid Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) juveniles.

Expression Analysis of the Caspase10 from Olive Flounder () against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Challenge.

The caspase10 encodes an initiating caspase that plays an important role in the maintaining the cellular homeostasis by regulating the steps involved in the immune response and cell death. We investigated the expression of caspase10 during the different developmental stages and in olive flounder tissues. Caspase10 increased in the late stage of the formation of immune tissue, and high expression was observed in the gills, kidney, skin, and spleen.

Characterization of testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 1-like (TSSK1-like) gene and expression patterns in diploid and triploid Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai; Gastropoda; Mollusca) males.

Testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 1-like (TSSK1-like), which plays important roles in late-phase spermatogenesis and male fertility, was characterized in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai, an important commercial marine gastropod. Further, its expression patterns were assessed in diploid and induced triploid males showing differential degrees of testis maturation. Abalone TSSK1-like shared conserved structural features with mammalian TSSK1s and other potential metazoan orthologs, especially regarding the catalytic STKc domain.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Expression in the Olive Flounder () against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Challenge.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the inflammatory response through the activation of neutrophil cells. The expression of IL-8 was investigated in early developmental stages of the olive flounder and in tissues of 8-month-old individuals. The expression of IL-8 increased after the initiation of the immune system rather than at the early stage of development, and high expression was observed in the gills and spleen, the organs associated with immunity and metabolism.

Analysis of Manifestation of CC and CXC Chemokine Genes in Olive Flounders () Artificially Infected with VHSV during the Early Developmental Stage.

Chemokines is a small protein that plays a major role in inflammatory reactions and viral infections as a chemotactic factor of cytokines involved in innate immunity. Most of the chemokines belong to the chemokine groups CC and CXC. To investigate the immune system of the olive flounder (), an expression pattern specifically induced in the early developmental stages of analysis is examined using qRT-PCR.

Effects of food availability on growth performance and immune-related gene expression of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Unfavorable environmental conditions and inappropriate culture practices have increased the vulnerability of cultured fish to disease infection. Up to date many studies have aimed to determine a feeding regimen to maximize productivity; however, very little information on immune responses of cultured fish in response to underfeeding or overfeeding is available. Therefore, a preliminary study was conducted to evaluate effects of graded feeding levels (i.

Expression Analysis of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 in the Rock Bream against Rock Bream Iridovirus (RSIV) Challenge.

Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is known to interfere with viral replication and infection by limiting the viral infection of cells. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) interferes with viral replication and infectivity by limiting viral infection in cells. It also plays an important role in the immune response.

Expression Analysis of Lily Type Lectin Isotypes in the Rock Bream, : in the Tissue, Developmental Stage and Viral Infection.

Lectins belong to the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) class and play important roles in the recognition and elimination of pathogens via the innate immune system. Recently, it was reported that lily-type lectin-1 is involved when a pathogen attacks in the early immune response of fish. However, this study is limited to information that the lectin is involved in the innate immune response against viral infection.

Development and Validation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers from an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Database in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

To successful molecular breeding, identification and functional characterization of breeding related genes and development of molecular breeding techniques using DNA markers are essential. Although the development of a useful marker is difficult in the aspect of time, cost and effort, many markers are being developed to be used in molecular breeding and developed markers have been used in many fields. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were widely used for genomic research and breeding, but has hardly been validated for screening functional genes in olive flounder.

Transcriptional Onset of Lysozyme Genes during Early Development in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

The immune system in teleost fish is not completely developed during embryonic and larval stages, therefore effective innate mechanisms is very important for survival in such an environment. However, the knowledge of the development of immune system assumed to be restricted. In many species, lysozymes have been considered as important genes of the first line immune defense.

Expression Pattern of Early Growth Response Gene 1 during Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Embryonic Development.

The early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) is a widely reported zinc finger protein and a well known transcription factor encoded by the Egr-1 gene, which plays key roles in many aspects of vertebrate embryogenesis and in adult vertebrates. The Egr-1 expression is important in the formation of the gill vascular system in flounders, which develops during the post-hatching phase and is essential for survival during the juvenile period. However, the complete details of Egr-1 expression during embryo development in olive flounder are not available.

Expression of Vimentin Intermediate Filament for Vascular Development in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Cardiovascular system is the primary organ to develop and reach a functional state, which underscores the essential role of the vasculature in the developing embryo. The vasculature is a highly specialized organ that functions in a number of key physiological works including the carrying of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. It is closely involved in the formation of heart, and hence it is essential for survival during the hatching period.

RAG-1 and IgM Genes, Markers for Early Development of the Immune System in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

Fish larvae are immediately exposed to microbes from hatching to maturation of their lymphoid organs, therefore effective innate mechanisms is very important for survival. However, the knowledge of the development of immune system in fish is limited and in demand now. In vertebrates, recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) have been considered as very useful markers of the physiological maturity of the immune system.

Expression Pattern of Early Growth Response Gene 1 during Olive Flounder () Embryonic Development.

The early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) is a widely reported zinc finger protein and a well known transcription factor encoded by the Egr-1 gene, which plays key roles in many aspects of vertebrate embryogenesis and in adult vertebrates. The Egr-1 expression is important in the formation of the gill vascular system in flounders, which develops during the post-hatching phase and is essential for survival during the juvenile period. However, the complete details of Egr-1 expression during embryo development in olive flounder are not available.

Stage and Tissue Specific Expression of Four TCR Subunits in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

TCR subunits are members of membrane-bound receptors which allow the fast and efficient elimination of the specific fish pathogens have regulated function in adaptive immunity. Sequence structure of TCR subunits have been reported for various teleosts, but the information of each TCR subunit functional characterization through expression analysis in fish was unknown. In this study, we examined the gene expression of TCR subunits in the early developmental stages and observed transcript levels in various tissues from healthy adult olive flounder by RT-PCR.

Expression of Perforin Gene for Early Development of Nephrons in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

The innate immune system is the only defense weapon that invertebrates have, and it is the fundamental defense mechanism for fish. The innate immune response is important in newly hatched flounders because it is closely involved in the initial feeding phase, which is why it is essential for survival during the juvenile period. The expression analysis of genes involved in the innate immune response in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the days after hatching is incomplete.

The Expression Analysis of Complement Component C3 during Early Developmental Stages in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Fish larvae are immediately exposed to microbes from hatching to maturation of their lymphoid organs, therefore effective innate mechanisms is very important for survival in such an environment. The key component of innate immune system, C3 is central protein of all activation pathways of the complement system, leading to inflammatory reactions, such as opsonisation, chemotaxis, and cell lysis of pathogens. Although, innate mechanisms is essential for survival in the early stage of development, little is known about defence mechanisms.

Expression Analysis of Visual Arrestin gene during Ocular Development of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of the commercial important flatfish species in Korea. The ocular signal transduction pathway is important in newly hatched flounders because it is closely involved in the initial feeding phase thus essential for survival during the juvenile period. However, the study of gene expression during ocular development is incomplete in olive flounder.

Expression Analysis of Cathepsin F during Embryogenesis and Early Developmental Stage in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Cathepsins are members of the multigene family of lysosomal cysteine proteinases and have regulated function in several life processes. The potential role of cathepsin F cysteine gene was expected as protease in the yolk processing mechanism during early developmental stage, but expression analysis was unknown after fertilization. The alignment analysis showed that amino acid sequence of cathepsin F from olive flounder liver expressed sequence tag (EST) homologous to cathepsin F of other known cathepsin F sequences with 87-98% identity.

A teleostean counterpart of ferritin M subunit from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): an active constituent in iron chelation and DNA protection against oxidative damage, with a modulated expression upon pathogen stress.

Ferritins are biological iron chelators that can sequestrate excess iron to maintain iron homeostasis in the body. Ferritins basically consist of 2 types of subunits, designated as H and L. However, another new subunit, ferritin "M" which possesses characteristic features of both the H and L subunits, was recently identified in lower vertebrates, mostly in fish.

The Morphological Study of Wild and Farmed Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): The Role of Indirect Selection within and between Populations.

This study was conducted to analyze the difference of body types within and between wild and farmed populations of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using measured records of morphological traits. The results showed that surveyed traits and standard deviation were 1,355±742 g of body weight, 48.01±7.

Differential Expression Patterns of Crystallin Genes during Ocular Development of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most widely cultured fish species in Korea. Although olive flounder receive attention from aquaculture and fisheries and extensive research has been conducted eye morphological change in metamorphosis, but little information was known to molecular mechanism and gene expression of eye development- related genes during the early part of eye formation period. For the reason of eyesight is the most important sense in flounder larvae to search prey, the screening and identification of expressed genes in the eye will provide useful insight into the molecular regulation mechanism of eye development in olive flounder.

A novel acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A-like 1, from Oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic and molecular characterization and transcriptional expression analysis.

Acute phase response is a significant component of innate immunity, playing a vital role in the signaling processes and elimination of invading pathogens. Acute phase proteins are synthesized in liver and secreted into the blood for transportation to an infection site, where the defense function is exerted. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive proteins are the major positive acute phase proteins.