Thermogravimetric analysis of rice husk and low-density polyethylene co-pyrolysis: kinetic and thermodynamic parameters.

The purpose of this study is to examine how co-pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and rice husk is impacted by LDPE. It also looks into the physicochemical characteristics, thermal behavior, and kinetic parameters of these materials. To understand the thermal behavior through TGA, rice husk and LDPE blends in the ratios of LDPE: RH (50:50), LDPE: RH (25:75), and LDPE: RH (75:25) were prepared and tested.

Comparison of the Influence of Intraoperative Use of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane on Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting, and Cough.

Introduction: Postoperative nausea, vomiting, and cough are the most common adverse effects of general anesthesia resulting in high discomfort to the patient resulting in uneasiness during the recovery period. This study aimed to compare the influence of intraoperative use of sevoflurane and isoflurane on postoperative nausea, vomiting, and cough.

Materials And Methods: After approval from the institutional ethical committee, this quantitative observational institutional study was conducted on all patients aged between 18 and 65 years undergoing surgery under general anesthesia at KMC Hospital, Mangalore.

Electrochemical selective divergent C-H chalcogenocyanation of -heterocyclic scaffolds.

An electrochemical direct selective C-H chalcogenocyanation approach for indolizine derivatives under mild conditions has been described. Cyclic enone-fused, chromone-fused and 2-substituted indolizines possessing EDGs (electron donating groups) and EWGs (electron withdrawing groups) were successfully reacted with NHSCN and KSeCN under electrochemical conditions to provide a wide array of mono and bis-chalcogenocyanate-indolizines in 75-94% yields. In addition, 1-substituted imidazo[1,5-]quinolines were also successfully chalcogenocyanated under the optimized reaction conditions providing a platform for the synthesis of pharmaceutically privileged molecules.

A Brief Review of Diagnostic Techniques and Clinical Management in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Given its increasing incidence and detrimental effects on life expectancy and quality of life, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant worldwide health concern. This review article provides a complete summary of current information on the diagnosis and management of CKD, focusing on recent advances and innovative approaches. The article discusses the most current findings on CKD risk assessment, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis utilizing better biomarkers and predictive models.

Electrochemical direct C-H mono and bis-chalcogenation of indolizine frameworks under oxidant-free conditions.

Herein, we disclosed a sustainable electrochemical approach for site-selective C-H mono and bis-chalcogenation (sulfenylation or selenylation) of indolizine frameworks. Diversely functionalized disulfides and diselenides possessing EDGs and EWGs were successfully reacted with a variety of indolizines to directly access sulfenylated/selenylated indolizines in 40-96% yields. A mechanistic radical pathway was also validated with control experiments and cyclic voltammogram data.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided colo-colostomy for the treatment of benign complete occlusion of colonic anastomosis: a case series and description of technique.

Aim: The incidence of benign colonic anastomotic stricture is approximately 2% in patients undergoing left hemicolectomy or anterior resection and as high as 16% in patients undergoing low anterior or intersphincteric resection. In the majority, rather than complete occlusion, a stenosis forms, which can be managed with endoscopic balloon dilatation, a self-expanding metallic stent or endoscopic electroincision. In the less common scenario of a completely occluded colonic anastomosis, surgery is often required.

Electrochemical, Regioselective, and Stereoselective Synthesis of Allylic Thioethers and Selenoethers under Transition-Metal-Free and Oxidant-Free Conditions.

We disclose a mild, scalable, electricity-promoted cross coupling protocol between allylic iodides and disulfides/diselenides for the formation of C-S/Se bonds in the absence of transition metals, bases, and oxidants. The stereochemically different densely functionalized allylic iodides gave regio- and stereoselective diverse thioethers in good yields. This strategy demonstrates a sustainable promising approach for the synthesis of allylic thioethers in 38-80% yields.

Electrochemical site-selective direct C-H sulfenylation and selenylation of a chromone-fused-indolizine (CFI) skeleton.

Herein, for the first time, we report the transition metal-free electrochemical site-selective direct C-H sulfenylation/selenylation of chromone-fused indolizine compounds (CFIs) to afford the corresponding CFIs thioethers and selenoethers   in 58-96% yields. The developed protocol offers a transition metal-free, ligand-free, catalyst-free methodology and is suitable for a variety of chalcogenide molecules (S and Se) along with various electron-rich and electron-poor chromone-fused indolizine compounds. Cyclic voltammograms and control experiments also validated the plausible reaction pathway.

Prediction of surface temperature and CO emission of leading emitters using grey model EGM (1,1, α, θ).

The current study projects the increase in surface temperature and CO emissions using the EGM (1,1, α, θ) grey model for the six most significant CO contributing countries, namely China, the USA, India, Russia, Japan, and Germany. The study uses time series data for surface temperature (in degree celsius) from 2010 to 2020, and CO emission (metric tons per capita) data from 2009 to 2019. The empirical results show a downward trend in CO emissions from Japan, Germany, the USA, and Russia by 2028.

Selectable Markers to Marker-Free Selection in Rice.

Inadequate rice production worldwide is largely attributed to abiotic and biotic stresses, along with high sensitivity of cultivable plant germplasm. In the field of cereal biotechnology, rice engineering plays an important role in achieving tolerance to such stresses. Plant transformation and selection play crucial role in rice engineering.

Structure-Based Drug Design and Development of Novel Synthetic Compounds with Anti-Viral Property against SARS-COV-2.

Background: The world is suffering from health and economic devastation due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the number of people affected and also the death rate, the virus is definitely a serious threat to humanity. The novel replication mechanism of the coronavirus is likely well understood, similar to prior studies on the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) virus.

Surface Functionalization of WS Nanosheets with Alkyl Chains for Enhancement of Dispersion Stability and Tribological Properties.

Tungsten disulfide (WS) exhibits intriguing tribological properties and has been explored as an excellent lubricious material in thin-film and solid lubricants. However, the poor dispersibility of WS has been a major challenge for its utilization in liquid lubricant applications. Herein, a top-down integrated approach is presented to synthesize oxygenated WS (WS-O) nanosheets strong acid-mediated oxidation and ultrasound-assisted exfoliation.

Effect of 3 Days of Oral Azithromycin on Young Children With Acute Diarrhea in Low-Resource Settings: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines do not recommend routine antibiotic use for children with acute watery diarrhea. However, recent studies suggest that a significant proportion of such episodes have a bacterial cause and are associated with mortality and growth impairment, especially among children at high risk of diarrhea-associated mortality. Expanding antibiotic use among dehydrated or undernourished children may reduce diarrhea-associated mortality and improve growth.

Presynaptic Mitochondrial Volume and Packing Density Scale with Presynaptic Power Demand.

Stable neural function requires an energy supply that can meet the intense episodic power demands of neuronal activity. Neurons have presumably optimized the volume of their bioenergetic machinery to ensure these power demands are met, but the relationship between presynaptic power demands and the volume available to the bioenergetic machinery has never been quantified. Here, we estimated the power demands of six motor nerve terminals in female larvae through direct measurements of neurotransmitter release and Ca entry, and via theoretical estimates of Na entry and power demands at rest.

Validation of a Mobile Health Technology Platform (FeverTracker) for Malaria Surveillance in India: Development and Usability Study.

Background: A surveillance system is the foundation for disease prevention and control. Malaria surveillance is crucial for tracking regional and temporal patterns in disease incidence, assisting in recorded details, timely reporting, and frequency of analysis.

Objective: In this study, we aim to develop an integrated surveillance graphical app called FeverTracker, which has been designed to assist the community and health care workers in digital surveillance and thereby contribute toward malaria control and elimination.

Implementation of the SutteARIMA method to predict short-term cases of stock market and COVID-19 pandemic in USA.

The objective of this study is to compare the different methods which are effective in predicting data of the short-term effect of COVID-19 confirmed cases and DJI closed stock market in the US. Data for confirmed cases of COVID-19 has been obtained from Worldometer, the database of Johns Hopkins University and the US stock market data (DJI) was obtained from Yahoo Finance. The data starts from 20 January 2020 (first confirmed COVID-19 case the US) to 06 December 2020 and DJI data covers 21 January 2019 to 04 December 2020.

Using the Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT) in Zimbabwe: A Cross-Sectional Study of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services in 50 COVID-19 Isolation Facilities.

The availability of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is a key prerequisite for quality care and infection prevention and control in health care facilities (HCFs). In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance and urgency of enhancing WASH coverage to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission and other healthcare-associated infections. As a part of COVID-19 preparedness and response interventions, the Government of Zimbabwe, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and civil society organizations conducted WASH assessments in 50 HCFs designated as COVID-19 isolation facilities.

COVID-19 pandemic and transmission factors: An empirical investigation of different countries.

The present work evaluates the impact of age, population density, total population, rural population, annual average temperature, basic sanitation facilities, and diabetes prevalence on the transmission of COVID-19. This research is an effort to identify the major predictors that have a significant impact on the number of COVID-19 cases per million population for 83 countries. The findings highlight that a population with a greater share of old people (aged above 65) shows a higher number of COVID-19 positive cases and a population with a lower median age has fewer cases.

MAPRE2 mutations result in altered human cranial neural crest migration, underlying craniofacial malformations in CSC-KT syndrome.

Circumferential skin creases (CSC-KT) is a rare polymalformative syndrome characterised by intellectual disability associated with skin creases on the limbs, and very characteristic craniofacial malformations. Previously, heterozygous and homozygous mutations in MAPRE2 were found to be causal for this disease. MAPRE2 encodes for a member of evolutionary conserved microtubule plus end tracking proteins, the end binding (EB) family.

Graphene-Based Aqueous Lubricants: Dispersion Stability to the Enhancement of Tribological Properties.

The present investigation demonstrates a green and scalable chemical approach to prepare aminoborate-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO-AmB) for aqueous lubricants. The chemical, structural, crystalline, and morphological features of rGO-AmB are probed by XPS, FTIR, Raman, XRD, and HRTEM measurements. The spectroscopic analyses revealed the multiple interaction pathways between rGO and AmB.

Generation of charge current from magnetization oscillation via the inverse of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect.

It is well known that oscillating magnetization induces charge current in a circuit via Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. New physical phenomena by which magnetization dynamics can produce charge current have gained considerable interest recently. For example, moving magnetization textures, such as domain walls, generates charge current through the spin-motive force.

Formal Verification of Heuristic Autonomous Intersection Management Using Statistical Model Checking.

Autonomous vehicles are gaining popularity throughout the world among researchers and consumers. However, their popularity has not yet reached the level where it is widely accepted as a fully developed technology as a large portion of the consumer base feels skeptical about it. Proving the correctness of this technology will help in establishing faith in it.

Surface chemistry of graphene and graphene oxide: A versatile route for their dispersion and tribological applications.

Graphene, the most promising material of the decade, has attracted immense interest in a diversified range of applications. The weak van der Waals interaction between adjacent atomic-thick lamellae, excellent mechanical strength, remarkable thermal conductivity, and high surface area, make graphene a potential candidate for tribological applications. However, the use of graphene as an additive to liquid lubricants has been a major challenge because of poor dispersibility.