Prospective comparative analysis of three types of decompressive surgery for lumbar central stenosis: conventional, full-endoscopic, and biportal endoscopic laminectomy.

Conventional open laminectomy has long been considered one of the important surgical options for lumbar central stenosis owing to its positive outcomes. However, newer approaches have emerged as alternatives, including full-endoscopic and biportal endoscopic laminectomy. Therefore, a comparison of the outcomes that are associated with each of these surgical methods is warranted.

Reliability of facet fluid on preoperative MRI for prediction of segmental instability after decompression surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine whether preoperative facet fluid on MRI can help predict segmental instability (SI) after decompression surgery.

Methods: We analyzed 34 patients (14 men and 20 women, a total of 37 segments) who underwent decompression for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis from June 2011 to August 2019 at a single institution. Mean age at the time of operation was 67.

Bone Flap Changes after Cranioplasty Using Frozen Autologous Bone Flaps: A Three-Dimensional Volumetric Reconstruction Study.

Purpose: Bone flap resorption (BFR) after cranioplasty with an autologous bone flap (ABF) is well known. However, the prevalences and degrees of BFR remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate changes in ABFs following cranioplasty and to investigate factors related with BFR.

Risk Factors for Hinge Fracture Associated with Surgery Following Cervical Open-Door Laminoplasty.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for hinge fracture (HF) and non-union during cervical open-door laminoplasty (CODL).

Methods: We included 25 patients who underwent CODL with available serial computed tomography scans acquired at 2 days and 1 year postoperatively. Patients' medical records and radiographic data were reviewed.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of ()-3-(7-(methyl(7-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile as a JAK1-selective inhibitor.

Based on ()--methyl--(5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-7-yl)-7-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidin-4-amine as a core scaffold, we identified ()-3-(7-(methyl(7-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile [-] as a JAK1 selective inhibitor.

Development of selective inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: (R)-3-(3-(Methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile as a JAK1-selective inhibitor.

A series of 3(R)-aminopyrrolidine derivatives were designed and synthesized for JAK1-selective inhibitors through the modification of tofacitinib's core structure, (3R,4R)-3-amino-4-methylpiperidine. From the new core structures, we selected (R)-N-methyl-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine as a scaffold for further SAR studies. From biochemical enzyme assays and liver microsomal stability tests, (R)-3-(3-(methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (6) was chosen for further in vivo test through oral administration.

Proper Management of Posttraumatic Tension Pneumocephalus.

Pneumocephalus is commonly seen after craniofacial injury. The pathogenesis of pneumocephalus has been debated as to whether it was caused by ball valve effect or combined episodic increased pressure within the nasopharynx on coughing. Discontinuous exchange of air and cerebrospinal fluid due to "inverted bottle" effect is assumed to be the cause of it.

Trauma Patterns of Drowning after Falling from Bridges over Han River.

Objective: Recently, the number of patients who fell or jumped from bridges over Han River has rapidly increased. However, the injury patterns and outcomes of these patients have been poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to determine the injury characteristics of these patients.

Microsurgical Anatomy of the Oculomotor Nerve.

The oculomotor nerve supplies the extraocular muscles. It also supplies the ciliary and sphincter pupillae muscles through the ciliary ganglion. The nerve fibers leave the midbrain through the most medial part of the cerebral peduncle and enter the interpeduncular cistern.

Microsurgical Foraminotomy via Wiltse Paraspinal Approach for Foraminal or Extraforaminal Stenosis at L5-S1 Level : Risk Factor Analysis for Poor Outcome.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to present the outcome of the microsurgical foraminotomy via Wiltse paraspinal approach for foraminal or extraforaminal (FEF) stenosis at L5-S1 level. We investigated risk factors associated with poor outcome of microsurgical foraminotomy at L5-S1 level.

Methods: We analyzed 21 patients who underwent the microsurgical foraminotomy for FEF stenosis at L5-S1 level.

Postlaminectomy Bilateral Lumbar Intraspinal Synovial Cysts.

Lumbar intraspinal synovial cysts are included in the difference diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy. Developing imaging modalities has result in increased reporting about these lesions. However, the case of bilateral new lumbar intraspinal synovial cysts after laminectomy has been rarely reported.

Novel benzidine and diaminofluorene prolinamide derivatives as potent hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitors.

Our study describes the discovery of a series of highly potent hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitors based on symmetrical prolinamide derivatives of benzidine and diaminofluorene. Through modification of benzidine, l-proline, and diaminofluorene derivatives, we developed novel inhibitor structures, which allowed us to establish a library of potent HCV NS5A inhibitors. After optimizing the benzidine prolinamide backbone, we identified inhibitors embedding meta-substituted benzidine core structures that exhibited the most potent anti-HCV activities.

Synthesis toward CRHR1 Antagonists through 2,7-Dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-α][1,3,5]triazin-4(3H)-one C-H Arylation.

A novel synthetic protocol for 8-aryl substituted pyrazolo[1,5-α][1,3,5]triazin-4(3H)-ones was developed employing Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation. The reaction yield was influenced by the presence of a phosphine ligand, pivalic acid, and base selection. With the use of 5-10 mol % catalyst, reactions of 2 with p- or m-substituted aryl bromides proceeded in moderate to good yields.

Brain Metastases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Horner's Syndrome.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy and has relatively favorable prognosis. Blood-borne metastases of PTC are very rare among the thyroid malignancies. Moreover a case of blood-borne central nervous system metastasized PTC with only unilateral Horner's syndrome, and without any abnormalities in laboratory or physical examinations has not been described before.

Analysis of the risk factors for development of post-operative extradural hematoma after intracranial surgery.

Objective: Post-operative extradural hematoma (EDH) is a relatively common complication in patients undergoing intracranial operations. The risk factors associated with the occurrence of EDH are not well described in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors and the incidence of post-operative EDH adjacent and regional to the craniotomy or the craniectomy site.

Hinge Fracture during Cervical Open-door Laminoplasty: Does it Affect Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the status of the hinge gutter affected clinical and radiographic outcomes of cervical open door laminoplasty.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 43 patients who had undergone cervical open door laminoplasty. 23 CT scans were performed at 2 days post-operation.

Potent Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitors Containing a Benzidine Core.

Here we report the discovery of a series of potent hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitors based on the benzidine prolinamide backbone. Taking a simple synthetic route, we developed a novel inhibitor structure, which allows easy modification, and through optimization of the capping group, we identified compound 6 with highly potent anti-HCV activity. Compound 6 is nontoxic and is anticipated to be an effective HCV drug candidate.

Giant anterior cervical osteophyte leading to Dysphagia.

Large anterior cervical osteophytes can occur in degeneration of the cervical spine or in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH). Large osteophytes can produce otolaryngological symptoms such as dysphagia, dysphonia, and foreign body sensation. We describe a DISH patient with giant anterior cervical osteophyte causing chronic dysphagia and dysphonia.

Factors associated with the success of trial spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic pain from failed back surgery syndrome.

Objective: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective means of treatment of chronic neuropathic pain from failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). Because the success of trial stimulation is an essential part of SCS, we investigated factors associated with success of trial stimulation.

Methods: Successful trial stimulation was possible in 26 of 44 patients (63.

Addition of amino acid moieties to lapatinib increases the anti-cancer effect via amino acid transporters.

Anti-cancer agents delivered to cancer cells often show multi-drug resistance (MDR) due to expulsion of the agents. One way to address this problem is to increase the accumulation of anti-cancer agents in cells via amino acid transporters. Thus, val-lapatinib and tyr-lapatinib were newly synthesized by adding valine and tyrosine moieties, respectively, to the parent anti-cancer agent lapatinib without stability issues in rat plasma.

Prevalence and epidemiological features of moyamoya disease in Korea.

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the annual detection rate of patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) and to describe the prevalence and epidemiological features of the Moyamoya patients in Korea.

Materials And Methods: The authors analyzed the epidemiological data of Korean patients taken from the National Health Insurance Corporation in Korea among Moyamoya patients who were treated from 2004 until 2008.

Results: Based on 2004 data, 2,539 MMD patients were treated in Korea and the prevalence rate was 5.

Traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation with accompanying odontoid and c2 articular facet fracture.

Traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) with accompanying odontoid and C2 articular facet fracture is a very rare injury, and only one such case has been reported in the medical literature. We present here a case of a traumatic AARF associated with an odontoid and comminuted C2 articular facet fracture, and this was treated with skull traction and halo-vest immobilization for 3 months. After removal of the halo-vest immobilization, his neck pain was improved and his neck motion was preserved without any neurologic deficits although mild torticolis was still observed in closer inspection.

Bow Hunter's Stroke Caused by a Severe Facet Hypertrophy of C1-2.

Bow hunter's stroke is a rare symptomatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency in which vertebral artery (VA) is mechanically occluded during head rotation. Various pathologic conditions have been reported as causes of bow hunter's stroke. However, bow hunter's stroke caused by facet hypertrophy of C1-2 has not been reported.

Axial neck pain after cervical laminoplasty.

Objective: It has been demonstrated that cervical laminoplasty is an effective and safe method of treating multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. However, recent reports have suggested that axial neck pain is frequently encountered after cervical laminoplasty. The aim of the present study was to determine clinical significance of the C7 spinous process on axial neck pain after cervical laminoplasty.