Robust Meta-Model for Predicting the Likelihood of Receiving Blood Transfusion in Non-traumatic Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Blood transfusions, crucial in managing anemia and coagulopathy in intensive care unit (ICU) settings, require accurate prediction for effective resource allocation and patient risk assessment. However, existing clinical decision support systems have primarily targeted a particular patient demographic with unique medical conditions and focused on a single type of blood transfusion. This study aims to develop an advanced machine learning-based model to predict the probability of transfusion necessity over the next 24 h for a diverse range of non-traumatic ICU patients.

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Iron Deficiency Without Anemia Among Moderate and Severely Acute Malnourished Children.

Background: Iron deficiency remains one of the globally recognized leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children, among developing countries like India as compared to the Western world.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency without anemia (IDWA) among malnourished children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department Of Pediatrics, Tertiary Care Hospital, Western Rajasthan.

Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Evaluation of the Journey of a Bleb in the Early Postoperative Period.

Introduction In the early postoperative period following trabeculectomy, monitoring the journey of bleb formation is crucial for assessing surgical success. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) emerges as a powerful tool in this pursuit, offering high-resolution imaging of bleb morphology and dynamics. This study aims to evaluate the internal structure of blebs through their maturation phases using AS-OCT.

Exploring Anisotropic Carrier Transport in WSe-WTe Superlattices: A Computational Study.

Superlattice structures offer distinct benefits in modern semiconductor technology, enabling the development of a deeper understanding of their sublayer arising from the interfaces. However, the advancement of large-scale applications encounters additional concerns, such as the stability and performance of the superlattice. In this study, we employ density functional theory calculations combined with the Boltzmann transport theory to comprehensively analyze the electronic structural and transport properties of the hexagonal phase of WSe and the WSe-WTe superlattice for their applications in carrier transport fields.

Prevalence of Wasting and its Associated Factors among Children Under 5 Years of Age in India: Findings from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey.

Background: The burden of wasting among under five children in India, has not reduced in the last decade.

Objectives: We used child-level data from the latest nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey (CNNS) to estimate the prevalence of wasting at the national and state level in India.

Methods: We explored the association of wasting with maternal, child and household factors using multivariable logistic regression for the age group of 0-5, 6-23 and 24-59 months.

Comparative thermal assessment and emission analysis of various green biodiesel from novel feedstocks for CI engines: a sustainable approach towards emission reduction.

In order to replace conventional diesel, biodiesel from various feedstocks is being researched for diesel engines. This study explores novel biodiesel blends produced from unconventional resources such as mentha piperita (peppermint), pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth), tamarindus indica (tamarind), and trichosanthes cucumerina (snake gourd) to assess the outcomes of a diesel engine. The fuel samples are designated as MP20, PC20, TC20, and TI20, which consist of 80% biodiesel and 20% diesel.

Derivation and Validation of Generalized Sepsis-induced Acute Respiratory Failure Phenotypes Among Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Septic patients who develop acute respiratory failure (ARF) requiring mechanical ventilation represent a heterogenous subgroup of critically ill patients with widely variable clinical characteristics. Identifying distinct phenotypes of these patients may reveal insights about the broader heterogeneity in the clinical course of sepsis. We aimed to derive novel phenotypes of sepsis-induced ARF using observational clinical data and investigate their generalizability across multi-ICU specialties, considering multi-organ dynamics.

Parsimonious Waveform-derived Features consisting of Pulse Arrival Time and Heart Rate Variability Predicts the Onset of Septic Shock.

Sepsis is a major public health emergency and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. For each hour treatment is delayed, shock-related mortality increases, so early diagnosis and intervention is of utmost importance. However, earlier recognition of shock requires active monitoring, which may be delayed due to subclinical manifestations of the disease at the early phase of onset.

Impact of an integrated health, nutrition, and early child stimulation and responsive care intervention package delivered to preterm or term small for gestational age babies during infancy on growth and neurodevelopment: study protocol of an individually randomized controlled trial in India (Small Babies Trial).

Background: Preterm and term small for gestational age (SGA) babies are at high risk of experiencing malnutrition and impaired neurodevelopment. Standalone interventions have modest and sometimes inconsistent effects on growth and neurodevelopment in these babies. For greater impact, intervention may be needed in multiple domains-health, nutrition, and psychosocial care and support.

Synergistic effect in the structural, optical, and electrical properties of harnessing NiFeO/CuO nanocomposite for enhanced environmental remediation.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of composite material comprised of NiFeO and CuO. The preparation of this composites involves a facile and cost-effective co-precipitation method, followed by heat treatment. The aim of this study is to explore the potential of this composite material for various catalytic applications.

Quantifying the impact of lockdown measures on air pollution levels: A comparative study of Bhopal and Adelaide.

This research study presents an in-depth comparison of air quality in Bhopal, India, and Adelaide, Australia, focusing on the impact of COVID-19 restrictions. Utilizing air quality data from 2019 to 2022, the research analyzed the concentrations of pollutants like PM, PM, NO, and O, during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods. The findings demonstrate a significant reduction in PMand PM levels during lockdown in cities such as Delhi and Haryana in India, and various Chinese cities, while also highlighting complex sources of air pollution like bushfires in regions like Sydney, Australia.

Comparative combustion, emission, and performance analysis of a diesel engine using carbon nanotube (CNT) blended with three different generations of biodiesel.

Nano-additives are being employed in successive generations of biodiesels to increase the performance characteristics and output of diesel engines. In this study, the impact of mixing carbon nanotubes (CNT) with three different generations of biodiesel in a diesel engine is assessed. With 100 ppm of CNT nanoparticles mixed together, pure biodiesels made from first-generation oil (soybean), second-generation oil (neem), and third-generation oil (Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae) are used for the analysis.

Effect of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation on declarative and working memory in patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A pilot study.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with changes in multiple neurophysiological systems, including verbal declarative memory deficits. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has been shown in preliminary studies to enhance function when paired with cognitive and motor tasks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of transcutaneous cervical VNS (tcVNS) on attention, declarative and working memory in PTSD patients.

Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Caused by Dengue Fever.

A 22-year-old male was referred from the medicine department with the chief complaint of double vision for 2 months. The patient had suffered from dengue viral hemorrhagic encephalitis for 2 months for which intensive medical care was given. On ocular examination, both eyes (OU) showed limited adduction with contralateral abducting nystagmus on attempted horizontal gaze.

Efficacy of a biosimilar ranibizumab monotherapy for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a biosimilar ranibizumab (Razumab) on outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for the first time.

Methods: This retrospective study included infants presenting with stage 3+ ROP either in zone 1 or zone 2 posterior or aggressive posterior ROP (APROP). All eligible infants received intravitreal razumab (0.

Nutritional markers accompanying acquired chylothorax in infants: a systematic review.

Context: Chylothorax is a well-established acquired complication of thoracic surgery in infants. Current data suggest acquired chylothorax may affect infant growth and nutrition because of a loss of essential nutrients via chylous effusion.

Objective: The 3 objectives for this study were: (1) identify nutritional markers affected by the development of acquired chylothorax in infants; (2) highlight the variability in methods used to assess nutritional status and growth in this patient population; and (3) highlight nutritional deficits that can serve as treatment targets during postoperative feeding protocols.

Clinical pharmacists in primary care general practices: evaluation of current workforce and their distribution.

Background: General practices in primary care across England are increasingly employing clinical pharmacists to help tackle the workforce crisis and alleviate pressure. Clinical pharmacists can provide administrative and clinical duties, including non-medical prescribing, advice on polypharmacy and medicines optimisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of clinical pharmacists in general practice across England, and explore the relationship between the distribution and regional demography.

Effect of kangaroo mother care initiated in community settings on financial risk protection of low-income households: a randomised controlled trial in Haryana, India.

Introduction: Many families in low-income and middle-income countries have high out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) for healthcare, and some face impoverishment. We aimed to assess the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care initiated in community setting (ciKMC) on financial risk protection estimated by healthcare OOPE, catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) and impoverishment due to healthcare seeking for low birthweight infants, using a randomised controlled trial design.

Methods: We included 4475 low birthweight infants randomised to a ciKMC (2491 infants) and a control (1984 infants) arm, in a large trial conducted between 2017 and 2018 in Haryana, India.

Chronic developmental hypoxia alters mitochondrial oxidative capacity and reactive oxygen species production in the fetal rat heart in a sex-dependent manner.

Insufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia) during fetal development leads to cardiac remodeling and a predisposition to cardiovascular disease in later life. Previous work has shown hypoxia causes oxidative stress in the fetal heart and alters the activity and expression of mitochondrial proteins in a sex-dependent manner. However, the functional effects of these modifications on mitochondrial respiration remain unknown.

Enteral Vitamin D Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Many preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants have low vitamin D stores. The objective of this study was to assess effects of enteral vitamin D supplementation compared with no vitamin D supplementation in human milk fed preterm or LBW infants.

Methods: Data sources include Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, and Embase from inception to March 16, 2021.

Enteral Zinc Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Evidence on the effect of zinc supplementation on health outcomes in preterm or low birth weight (LBW) infants is unclear. We estimated the effect of enteral zinc versus no zinc supplementation in human milk fed preterm or LBW infants on mortality, growth, morbidities, and neurodevelopment.

Methods: Data sources include PubMed, Cochrane Central and Embase databases through March 24, 2021.

Enteral Iron Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Iron is needed for growth and development of infants globally, but preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are at risk for severe iron deficiencies. To assess the effect of enteral iron supplementation on mortality, morbidity, growth, and neurodevelopment outcomes in preterm or LBW infants fed human milk. Secondary objectives were to assess the effect on biomarkers and dose and timing.