Technology to Reduce Hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia is a major barrier toward achieving glycemic targets and is associated with significant morbidity (both psychological and physical) and mortality. This article reviews technological strategies, from simple to more advanced technologies, which may help prevent or mitigate exposure to hypoglycemia. More efficient insulin delivery systems, bolus advisor calculators, data downloads providing information on glucose trends, continuous glucose monitoring with alarms warning of hypoglycemia, predictive algorithms, and finally closed loop insulin delivery systems are reviewed.

Late outcomes in adults with coarctation of the aorta.

Aims: Previous cohort studies of patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) demonstrate reduced long-term survival. Improved surgical outcomes in children and evolution of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) services have resulted in improved survival in patients with other CHDs. We hypothesise that for young adult patients with CoA long-term outcomes have improved in the contemporary era.

Relationship between oral health status and hematological values in pediatric leukemic patients: an evaluative survey.

Introduction: Leukemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow and constitutes 30% of all childhood cancers. The leukemic condition itself and its therapy cause oral signs and symptoms with significant morbidity.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the oral health status in children with leukemia and relate the gingival and periodontal findings to the changes in their hematological values.

A heteroscedastic measurement error model for method comparison data with replicate measurements.

Measurement error models offer a flexible framework for modeling data collected in studies comparing methods of quantitative measurement. These models generally make two simplifying assumptions: (i) the measurements are homoscedastic, and (ii) the unobservable true values of the methods are linearly related. One or both of these assumptions may be violated in practice.

Improving the diagnosis of LV non-compaction with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Current diagnostic criteria for left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) poorly correlate with clinical outcomes. We aimed to develop a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) based semi-automated technique for quantification of non-compacted (NC) and compacted (C) masses and to ascertain their relationships to global and regional LV function.

Methods: We analysed CMR data from 30 adults with isolated LVNC and 20 controls.

Unsupervised home use of an overnight closed-loop system over 3-4 weeks: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled studies in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To compare overnight closed-loop and sensor-augmented pump therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes by combining data collected during free-living unsupervised randomized crossover home studies.

Methods: A total of 40 participants with type 1 diabetes, of whom 24 were adults [mean ± standard deviation (s.d.

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography: a superior and one-stop shop modality for treated head and neck carcinoma compared with conventional tomography.

Purpose: The fusion imaging modality of positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has emerged as an important modality in the management of recurrent head and neck tumors. The aims of this study were to assess the role of PET-CT in the detection of recurrence in treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compare neck PET-CT and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in the detection of locoregional recurrence with histopathologic correlation.

Materials And Methods: The study design was prospective and the study consisted of patients with treated HNSCC referred to the Department of Radiology at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Center for follow-up or for clinical suspicion of recurrence.

The AdoCbl-riboswitch interaction investigated by in-line probing and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR).

The unique feature of riboswitches is to control selected gene expression by specific recognition of a cognate ligand. AdoCbl (adenosyl cobalamin, coenzyme B12) riboswitches regulate the expression of enzymes and transporters involved in bacterial AdoCbl biosynthesis or uptake on a transcriptional and/or translational level. The analysis of ligand recognition and the induced conformational changes requires a detailed knowledge of the kinetics and thermodynamics of ligand binding and of the secondary structure rearrangements.

Outcomes for adults with type 1 diabetes referred with severe hypoglycaemia and/or referred for islet transplantation to a specialist hypoglycaemia service.

Islet transplantation alone (ITA) is indicated for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with disabling severe hypoglycaemia (SH) despite optimised medical therapy. We examined outcomes for patients referred to an islet transplant unit with recurrent SH. Retrospective case note audit of 45 patients with ≥1 SH per year who were referred to our ITA unit between 2009-2012; 36 patients attended follow-up appointments.

Modification of human islet preparation: an effective approach to improve graft outcome after islet transplantation?

Revascularisation of transplanted islets is an essential prerequisite for graft survival and function. However, current islet isolation procedures deprive the islets of endothelial tubulets. This may have a detrimental effect on the revascularisation process of islets following transplantation.

Hes3 is expressed in the adult pancreatic islet and regulates gene expression, cell growth, and insulin release.

The transcription factor Hes3 is a component of a signaling pathway that supports the growth of neural stem cells with profound consequences in neurodegenerative disease models. Here we explored whether Hes3 also regulates pancreatic islet cells. We showed that Hes3 is expressed in human and rodent pancreatic islets.

Dobutamine stress for evaluation of right ventricular reserve in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Right ventricular contractile response to pharmacological stress in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has not been characterised. We evaluated right ventricular contractile reserve in adults with PAH using dobutamine stress echocardiography. 16 PAH patients and 18 age-matched controls underwent low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography.

Assessment of humoral immune responses to blood-stage malaria antigens following ChAd63-MVA immunization, controlled human malaria infection and natural exposure.

The development of protective vaccines against many difficult infectious pathogens will necessitate the induction of effective antibody responses. Here we assess humoral immune responses against two antigens from the blood-stage merozoite of the Plasmodium falciparum human malaria parasite--MSP1 and AMA1. These antigens were delivered to healthy malaria-naïve adult volunteers in Phase Ia clinical trials using recombinant replication-deficient viral vectors--ChAd63 to prime the immune response and MVA to boost.

Comparative evaluation of retention of prefabricated and conventional cast post: An in vitro study.

Background And Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the retention of various prefabricated posts and to compare them with that of the conventional cast post.

Materials And Methods: A sample of 60 freshly extracted single-rooted human mandibular first premolars were sectioned horizontally, 1 mm coronal to the cemento-enamel junction and randomly divided into four groups consisting of carbon fiber posts, glass fiber posts, stainless steel posts and cast metal posts. Cast metal post was the control group.

Combining viral vectored and protein-in-adjuvant vaccines against the blood-stage malaria antigen AMA1: report on a phase 1a clinical trial.

The development of effective vaccines against difficult disease targets will require the identification of new subunit vaccination strategies that can induce and maintain effective immune responses in humans. Here we report on a phase 1a clinical trial using the AMA1 antigen from the blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite delivered either as recombinant protein formulated with Alhydrogel adjuvant with and without CPG 7909, or using recombinant vectored vaccines--chimpanzee adenovirus ChAd63 and the orthopoxvirus MVA. A variety of promising "mixed-modality" regimens were tested.

Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek seeds and its comparison with atorvastatin on experimentally induced hyperlipidemia.

Objective: To determine the hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek (Methi) seeds and its comparison with atorvastatin on experimentally induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits.

Study Design: Experimental interventional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Physiology, Dr.

Poorer glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes is associated with reduced self-management and poorer perceived health: a cross-sectional study.

Aims: Many people with type 1 diabetes do not achieve optimal treatment targets despite high patient and professional input. To investigate the reasons underlying suboptimal control we have studied clinical characteristics and self-management behaviours in adults with type 1 diabetes attending a large treatment centre.

Methods: A questionnaire-based enquiry into self-care behaviours of 380 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age: 48 (±15) years and mean duration of diabetes: 26 (±15) years), linked with validated measures of impact of treatment on perceived health and hypoglycaemia recognition (Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire; and EuroQoL EQ-5D, Gold score) and retrospective case note review of biomedical parameters.

Algae mediated treatment and bioenergy generation process for handling liquid and solid waste from dairy cattle farm.

In the present work four algae were tested for their biomass production potential in neat livestock wastewater. Chroococcus sp.1 was found to be the best for biomass production under controlled (2.