Radiological Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration Following Posterior Fossa Tumor Surgery.

Background: Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare form of transsynaptic degeneration, caused by injury to the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway (DROP). Radiologically, this manifests as T2 hyperintensity, with or without enlargement of the inferior olivary nucleus. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence, associated imaging characteristics, potential etiologies, latency period, and temporal progression of HOD in patients undergoing surgical resection of posterior fossa tumors (PFTs).

Spark Plasma Sintering of Pure Titanium: Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics.

The versatility of titanium (Ti) allows it to be employed in various industries, from aerospace engineering to medical technology, highlighting its significance in modern manufacturing and engineering processes. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is currently being explored to enhance its properties further and broaden its application range. The current study focuses on exploring and optimizing the effect of SPS temperature (800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1400 °C) on pure Ti sintered at 60 MPa in a controlled argon environment with a dwell time of 5 min.

Enhancing Quality Control: Image-Based Quantification of Carbides and Defect Remediation in Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing.

While binder jetting (BJ) additive manufacturing (AM) holds considerable promise for industrial applications, defects often compromise part quality. This study addresses these challenges by investigating binding mechanisms and analyzing common defects, proposing tailored solutions to mitigate them. Emphasizing defect identification for effective quality control in BJ-AM, this research offers strategies for in-process rectification and post-process evaluation to elevate part quality.

Central versus distal pancreatectomy for low-grade and benign pancreatic neck-body tumours.

Purpose: Central pancreatectomy (CP) offers parenchymal preservation compared to conventional distal pancreato-splenectomy for pancreatic neck and body tumours. However, it is associated with more morbidity. This study is aimed at evaluating the peri-operative and long-term functional outcomes, comparing central and distal pancreatectomies (DPs).

Tata Memorial Centre Evidence Based Management of Colorectal cancer.

This review article examines the evidence-based management of colorectal cancers, focusing on topics characterized by ongoing debates and evolving evidence. To contribute to the scientific discourse, we intentionally exclude subjects with established guidelines, concentrating instead on areas where the current understanding is dynamic. Our analysis encompasses a thorough exploration of critical themes, including the evidence surrounding complete mesocolic excision and D3 lymphadenectomy in colon cancers.

Evaluation of an Objective MRI-Based Tumor Regression Grade (mrTRG) Score and a Subjective Likert Score for Assessing Treatment Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancers-A Retrospective Study.

 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the help of MRI-based tumor regression grade (mrTRG) score has been used as a tool to predict pathological tumor regression grade (pTRG) in patients of rectal cancer post-neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Our study aims to evaluate the ability of MRI in assessing treatment response comparing an objective mrTRG score and a subjective Likert score, with a focus on the ability to predict pathologic complete response (pCR).  Post-treatment MRI studies were retrospectively reviewed for 170 consecutive cases of histopathologically proven rectal cancer after receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation and prior to surgery by two oncoradiologists blinded to the eventual postoperative histopathology findings.

Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting based on myocardial perfusion imaging.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the foremost single cause of mortality and loss of disability-adjusted life years globally and a large percentage of this burden is found in low and middle income countries, with the treatment strategies based on revascularisation, based on studies that have shown that on revascularisation of viable myocardium there is an improvement of function over a period of time.

Aim: To evaluate the utilization of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for identifying viable myocardium and assessing the improvement.

Material And Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in patients having CAD planned for coronary artery bypass grafting.

Implications of use of different intraoperative ultrasound modalities during glioma surgery - A comparative study of factors affecting outcomes.

Background: The main goal of glioma surgery is to remove the maximum amount of tumor without worsening the patient's neurological condition. Intraoperative ultrasound (US) imaging technologies (2D and 3D) are available to assist surgeons, providing real-time updates. Considering additional time, personnel, and cost, we investigate if comparable outcomes can be achieved using basic (2D) and advanced (3D) technology.

MRI in rectal cancer patients on 'watch and wait': patterns of response and their evolution.

Purpose: Evaluate MR patterns of response and their evolution in rectal cancer patients on watch and wait (WW).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 337 MRIs of 60 patients (median follow-up: 12 months; range: 6-49 months). Baseline MRIs (available in 34/60 patients) were evaluated for tumor morphology, location, thickness, circumferential involvement, nodal status and EMVI.

Imaging of central nervous system emergencies in oncology.

Central nervous system (CNS) may be predisposed to devastating complications in cancer patients which may add to morbidity and mortality in this group. Majority of the complications are vascular in nature due to the altered coagulation profile and pro-inflammatory state in these patients. However, there are a host of other conditions which may affect the clinical course of these patients including metabolic and toxic encephalopathies, infections, and paraneoplastic syndromes.

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation in WHO high-Grade Astrocytomas.

Purpose and background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and O-6 methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) methylation are surrogate biomarkers of improved survival in gliomas. This study aims at studying the ability of semantic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to predict the IDH mutation status confirmed by the gold standard molecular tests. Methods: The MRI of 148 patients were reviewed for various imaging parameters based on the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) study.

Atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with Lenvatinib therapy in a patient with metastatic thyroid cancer-A case report.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of reversible subcortical vasogenic brain oedema in patients with acute neurological symptoms. Drug-induced PRES has been described with the usage of drugs that target receptors regulating vascular permeability or altering immune response. Lenvatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors implicated in cancer progression in addition to their normal cellular functions.

Development of a Standardized Semantic Feature-Based Reporting Proforma for Intraoperative Ultrasound Findings in Brain Tumors and Application in High-Grade Gliomas - A Preliminary Study.

A semantic feature-based reporting proforma for intraoperative ultrasound findings in brain tumors was devised to standardize reporting. It was applied as a pilot study on a cohort of histologically confirmed high-grade supratentorial gliomas (Grade 3 and 4) for internal validation. This intraoperative semantic ultrasound proforma was used to evaluate 3D ultrasound volumes using Radiant DICOM software by 3 surgeons.

Prognostic Significance of EMVI in Rectal Cancer in a Tertiary Cancer Hospital in India.

 Presence of extramural venous invasion (EMVI) is a poor prognostic factor for rectal cancer as per literature. However, India-specific data are lacking.  The aim of the study is to determine the prognostic significance of EMVI in locally advanced rectal cancer on baseline MRI.

MRI features of signet ring rectal cancer.

Purpose: Signet Ring Rectal Cancer (SRRC) of rectum is rare high-grade subtype with poor prognosis and characteristic histopathology. We evaluated its imaging appearance and correlated its outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the rectal MRIs of 97 patients with rectal SRRC, evaluating tumor morphology, T2 signal, length, location, pattern of tumor growth, nodal status and location, EMVI (extramural vascular invasion), site of metastases, and response to chemotherapy.

Endolymphatic sac tumor: single-institution series of seven cases with updated review of literature.

Background: Endolymphatic sac tumour (ELST) is a rare low-grade locally aggressive neoplasm arising from the endolymphatic duct or sac. It presents mostly with vestibulo-cochlear symptoms either sporadically or as part of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. Micro-neurosurgical excision remains the cornerstone of therapy with the role of radiotherapy (RT) being controversial.

Accuracy of MRI for nodal restaging in rectal cancer: a retrospective study of 166 cases.

Aim: Assessing metastatic mesorectal nodal involvement is a challenge in rectal cancer, especially in the post chemoradiation setting. We aim to assess the accuracy of MRI for nodal restaging and the validity of SAR criteria (≥ 5 mm size being metastatic).

Materials And Methods: This was an IRB-approved retrospective study of 166 patients with locally advanced rectal cancers, operated after neoadjuvant treatment.

Corrigendum: Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Practice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.

Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Practice.

Cancer is a severe health problem that continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Increasing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression has led to the development of a vast number of anticancer drugs. However, the use of chemically synthesized drugs has not significantly improved the overall survival rate over the past few decades.

A polyherbal formulation, HC9 regulated cell growth and expression of cell cycle and chromatin modulatory proteins in breast cancer cell lines.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: HC9, a polyherbal formulation, is based upon a traditional Ayurvedic formulation, Stanya Shodhana Kashaya (SSK, having 10 plant materials), formulated on Stanyashodhana gana, explained by Charaka in Charakasaṃhita Sutrasthana IV and mentioned in other texts as well. Stanyasodhana is the Sanskrit name for a group of medicinal plants, classified for "improving the quality of milk". SSK is used by Ayurvedic practitioners for the cleansing and detoxification of breast milk in lactating mothers as well as for the management of various clinical conditions.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles as antituberculosis agents effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis.

The dormant and resistant form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents a challenge in developing new anti-tubercular drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of trisubstituted thiazoles as antituberculosis agents. The SAR study has identified a requirement of hydrophobic substituent at C2, ester functionality at C4, and various groups with hydrogen bond acceptor character at C5 of thiazole scaffold.