RVDLAHA: An RISC-V DLA Hardware Architecture for On-Device Real-Time Seizure Detection and Personalization in Wearable Applications.

Epilepsy is a globally distributed chronic neurological disorder that may pose a threat to life without warning. Therefore, the use of wearable devices for real-time detection and treatment of epilepsy is crucial. Additionally, personalizing disease detection algorithms for individual users is also a challenge in clinical applications.

The distinct and potentially conflicting effects of tDCS and tRNS on brain connectivity, cortical inhibition, and visuospatial memory.

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), are emerging as promising tools for enhancing cognitive functions by modulating brain activity and enhancing cognitive functions. Despite their potential, the specific and combined effects of tDCS and tRNS on brain functions, especially regarding functional connectivity, cortical inhibition, and memory performance, are not well-understood. This study aims to explore the distinct and combined impacts of tDCS and tRNS on these neural and cognitive parameters.

Charge-Mode Neural Stimulator With a Capacitor-Reuse Residual Charge Detector and Active Charge Balancing for Epileptic Seizure Suppression.

This study proposes a charge-mode neural stimulator for electrical stimulation systems that utilizes a capacitor-reuse technique with a residual charge detector and achieves active charge balancing simultaneously. The design is mainly used for epilepsy suppression systems to achieve real-time symptom relief during seizures. A charge-mode stimulator is adopted in consideration of the complexity of circuit design, the high voltage tolerance of transistors, and system integration requirements in the future.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Mg-Sn Thin Films: Role of MgSn Phase and One-Dimensional Electronic Structure.

Mg-Sn alloy thin films have garnered significant attention for their outstanding thermoelectric (TE) properties and cost-effective elemental composition, making them potential candidates for wearable energy harvesting devices. While previous studies have explored the properties of these thin films, limited research has been conducted to identify physical factors that can further enhance their performance. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing a convenient electron beam coevaporation technique to fabricate Mg-Sn alloy thin films.

Nerve excitability test and lead toxicity: a case-control study.

Background: Although conventional electrophysiological parameters have been proposed as clinical indicators for monitoring lead neuropathies, their correlations with blood lead level are weak. In this study, we investigated the applicability of nerve excitability tests (NETs) to evaluate lead intoxication.

Methods: Fourteen workers who were exposed to lead with an elevated blood level ranging from 17.

New biophysical rate-based modeling of long-term plasticity in mean-field neuronal population models.

The formation of customized neural networks as the basis of brain functions such as receptive field selectivity, learning or memory depends heavily on the long-term plasticity of synaptic connections. However, the current mean-field population models commonly used to simulate large-scale neural network dynamics lack explicit links to the underlying cellular mechanisms of long-term plasticity. In this study, we developed a new mean-field population model, the plastic density-based neural mass model (pdNMM), by incorporating a newly developed rate-based plasticity model based on the calcium control hypothesis into an existing density-based neural mass model.

Hemodynamics and Tissue Optical Properties in Bimodal Infarctions Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.

Various infarct sizes induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) generate inconsistent outcomes for stroke preclinical study. Monitoring cerebral hemodynamics may help to verify the outcome of MCAO. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in brain tissue optical properties by frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS), and establish the relationship between cerebral hemodynamics and infarct variation in MCAO model.

Using Constrained Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter for Quantifying the Severity of Epileptic Activities in Mice.

(1) Background: Quantification of severity of epileptic activities, especially during electrical stimulation, is an unmet need for seizure control and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a parameter ratio derived from constrained square-root cubature Kalman filter (CSCKF) was formulated to quantify the excitability of local neural network and compared with three commonly used indicators, namely, band power, Teager energy operator, and sample entropy, to objectively determine their effectiveness in quantifying the severity of epileptiform discharges in mice. (2) Methods: A set of one normal and four types of epileptic EEGs was generated by a mathematical model.

Modulation of Interhemispheric Synchronization and Cortical Activity in Healthy Subjects by High-Definition Theta-Burst Electrical Stimulation.

Background: Various forms of theta-burst stimulation (TBS) such as intermittent TBS (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS) have been introduced as novel facilitation/suppression schemes during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), demonstrating a better efficacy than conventional paradigms. Herein, we extended the rTMS-TBS schemes to electrical stimulation of high-definition montage (HD-TBS) and investigated its neural effects on the human brain.

Methods: In a within-subject design, fifteen right-handed healthy adults randomly participated in 10 min and 2 mA HD-TBS sessions: unilateral (Uni)-iTBS, bilateral (Bi)-cTBS/iTBS, and sham stimulation over primary motor cortex regions.

The Proper Use and Reporting of Survival Analysis and Cox Regression.

Background: Survival analyses are heavily used to analyze data in which the time to event is of interest. The purpose of this paper is to introduce some fundamental concepts for survival analyses in medical studies.

Methods: We comprehensively review current survival methodologies, such as the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier method used to estimate survival probability, the log-rank test, one of the most popular tests for comparing survival curves, and the Cox proportional hazard model, which is used for building the relationship between survival time and specific risk factors.

Real-Time Internet of Medical Things System for Detecting Blood Leakage during Hemodialysis Using a Novel Multiple Concentric Ring Sensor.

Venous needle dislodgement (VND) is a major healthcare safety concern in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Although VND is uncommon, it can be life-threatening. The main objective of this study was to implement a real-time multi-bed monitoring system for VND by combining a novel leakage-detection device and IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) technology.

GGC Repeat Expansion of in Taiwanese Patients With Inherited Neuropathies.

Background And Objectives: The GGC repeat expansion in the 5' untranslated region of was recently identified as the cause of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), which may manifest with peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this study is to investigate its contribution to inherited neuropathy.

Methods: This cohort study screened patients with molecularly undiagnosed Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and healthy controls for the GGC repeat expansion in using repeat-primed PCR and fragment analysis.

Memantine Protects against Paclitaxel-Induced Cognitive Impairment through Modulation of Neurogenesis and Inflammation in Mice.

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is an adverse side effect of cancer treatment with increasing awareness. Hippocampal damage and related neurocognitive impairment may mediate the development of CICI, in which altered neurogenesis may play a role. In addition, increased inflammation may be related to chemotherapy-induced hippocampal damage.

RISC-V CNN Coprocessor for Real-Time Epilepsy Detection in Wearable Application.

Epilepsy is a common clinical disease. Severe epilepsy can be life-threatening in certain unexpected conditions, so it is important to detect seizures instantly with a wearable device and to provide treatment within the golden window. The observation of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal is an imperative method to assist correct epilepsy diagnosis.

A novel density-based neural mass model for simulating neuronal network dynamics with conductance-based synapses and membrane current adaptation.

Despite its success in understanding brain rhythms, the neural mass model, as a low-dimensional mean-field network model, is phenomenological in nature, so that it cannot replicate some of rich repertoire of responses seen in real neuronal tissues. Here, using a colored-synapse population density method, we derived a novel neural mass model, termed density-based neural mass model (dNMM), as the mean-field description of network dynamics of adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire (aEIF) neurons, in which two critical neuronal features, i.e.

Targeting lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin S reveals immunomodulatory therapeutic strategy for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a common adverse effect that causes delayed treatment and poor prognosis among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, its mechanism remains elusive, and no effective treatment is available. We employed a prospective cohort study of adult patients with pathologically confirmed stage III CRC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with an oxaliplatin-based regimen for investigating OIPN.

Using Artificial Neural Network to Discriminate Parkinson's Disease from Other Parkinsonisms by Focusing on Putamen of Dopamine Transporter SPECT Images.

Background: The challenge of differentiating, at an early stage, Parkinson's disease from parkinsonism caused by other disorders remains unsolved. We proposed using an artificial neural network (ANN) to process images of dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT).

Methods: Abnormal DAT-SPECT images of subjects with Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism caused by other disorders were divided into training and test sets.

Feasibility study of greater occipital nerve blocks by focused ultrasound - an animal study.

Objective: Greater occipital nerve (GON) block may provide substantial relief for headache in the occipital location. This study tested the feasibility of focused ultrasound (FUS) to induce the conduction block of GONs in rats.

Approach: For in vitro experiments, the nerve was dissected and cut from C2 to the site near the ear of the rats and preserved in Ringer's solution.

Innovative Head-Mounted System Based on Inertial Sensors and Magnetometer for Detecting Falling Movements.

This work presents a fall detection system that is worn on the head, where the acceleration and posture are stable such that everyday movement can be identified without disturbing the wearer. Falling movements are recognized by comparing the acceleration and orientation of a wearer's head using prespecified thresholds. The proposed system consists of a triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer; as such, a Madgwick's filter is adopted to improve the accuracy of the estimation of orientation.

Morphological and hemodynamic changes of sciatic nerves and their vasa nervorum during circular compression and relaxation.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical and hemodynamic responses of vasa nervorum under transverse circular compression. In situ compress-and-hold experiments were performed on the sciatic nerves of healthy and diabetic rats, and the blood flow within the vasa nervorum was observed using Doppler-optical coherence tomography. A new technique was developed to obtain the time-course of the cross sectional area and the morphology of the vasa nervorum from the tomographic images.

Cytotoxic and biomechanical effects of clinical dosing schemes of paclitaxel on neurons and cancer cells.

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy often results in a reduction in drug dose. However, the serum level of anticancer drugs varies with time after intravenous infusion, and this factor has seldom been considered in previous in vitro studies. The goals of this study were to build an automatic dosage control system and to evaluate the influence of drug infusion rate on the cells.

Vasomodulation of peripheral blood flow by focused ultrasound potentiates improvement of diabetic neuropathy.

Objective: Effective treatment methods for diabetic peripheral neuropathy are still lacking. Here, a focused ultrasound (FUS) technique was developed to improve blood flow in diabetic peripheral vessels and potentially treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Research Design And Methods: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats at 4 weeks poststreptozotocin injections were adopted as models for diabetic neuropathic rats.