Dehydration of raffinose pentahydrate: structures of raffinose 5-, 4.433-, 4.289- and 4.127-hydrate at 93 K.

Raffinose [or O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside] pentahydrate, C18H32O16·5H2O, (I), and three lower hydrates, namely the 4.433-, (II), 4.289-, (III), and 4.

Equations for spectrophotometric determination of relative concentrations of myoglobin derivatives in aqueous tuna meat extracts.

The percentage of metmyoglobin (%metMb) in aqueous meat extracts of bigeye and bluefin tuna and beef samples were estimated using previously reported equations derived from the absorption spectra of horse Mb. The results demonstrate that in an aqueous extract, the difference in %metMb estimated by the different equations was negligible for beef samples. Conversely, in an aqueous tuna extract, different %metMb values were obtained with the different equations.

Ice nucleation and supercooling behavior of polymer aqueous solutions.

We determined the homogeneous nucleation temperature depression, DeltaT(f,hom), the equilibrium melting point depression, DeltaT(m), and the value lambda, which can be obtained from the linear relationship DeltaT(f,hom)=lambdaDeltaT(m), for aqueous solutions of PEG (200-20,000 g mol(-1)), PVP (10,000, 35,000, 40,000 g mol(-1)), and dextran (10,000 g mol(-1)) in the concentration range 0-40 wt% using the emulsion method. The molecular weight dependence of T(f,hom), T(m), and lambda in PEG aqueous solutions was found to change in the vicinity of Mw 600-1540 at all concentrations. In addition, it was confirmed that for all of the polymers studied, there was a good linear relationship between lambda and the logarithmic value of the self-diffusion coefficient D(0) of the solute molecule.