Care of Shoulder Pain in the Overhead Athlete.

Shoulder complaints are common in the overhead athlete. Understanding the biomechanics of throwing and swimming requires understanding the importance of maintaining the glenohumeral relationship of the shoulder. Capsular laxity, humeral retrotorsion, glenoid retroversion, glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, and scapular dyskinesis can all contribute to shoulder dysfunction and pain.

Modifications to the synthetic aperture microwave imaging diagnostic.

The synthetic aperture microwave imaging diagnostic has been operating on the MAST experiment since 2011. It has provided the first 2D images of B-X-O mode conversion windows and showed the feasibility of conducting 2D Doppler back-scattering experiments. The diagnostic heavily relies on field programmable gate arrays to conduct its work.

Risk factors for exercise-associated hyponatremia in non-elite marathon runners.

Objective: Describe risk factors for lower post-race [Na+] and exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) (serum [Na+]<135 mmol/L) during marathon running.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Houston Marathon 2000-2004.

Hyponatraemia : identification and evaluation in the marathon medical area.

Exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH) in marathon runners has been reported in the medical literature with incidence varying from 0-130 per 1000 finishers. EAH assessment is enhanced utilising a combination of race weight changes, screening questions, vital signs and clinical examination. Those who fail to lose 0.

Percentile values of isokinetic peak torque in children six through thirteen years old.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to standardize an isokinetic testing protocol for quadriceps and hamstrings in children who are typically developing and are six through 13 years of age, to establish percentile charts of isokinetic peak torque strength for quadriceps and hamstrings by gender and age, and to determine the best predictors of strength for each of three testing speeds.

Methods: A total of 3587 children were tested for isokinetic knee strength according to our protocol on Biodex System II and III isokinetic dynamometers. Therapists participating in the study were trained on the protocol and inter-rater reliability was established.

Ankle sprain discharge instructions from the emergency department.

Objectives: (1) To describe the incidence of inclusion of early mobilization components in emergency department (ED) discharge instructions; (2) to describe the prescribed follow-up appointments; and (3) to analyze the differences between the treatment of pediatric and adult patients.

Methods: A 1-year retrospective chart review of ED records of a large urban hospital was performed. Medical records of 374 (95%) of the 397 adult and pediatric patients with ICD-9 code for ankle sprains were reviewed (213 males and 171 females, mean age 28.

The incidence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of hyponatremia in marathon runners.

Objective: To report on the incidence, identify the risk factors, and clarify the clinical manifestations of acute hyponatremia in marathon runners.

Design: An observational and retrospective case-controlled series.

Setting: The medical care area of the 2000 Houston Marathon.

Two educational interventions to improve pediatricians' knowledge and skills in performing ankle and knee physical examinations.

Background: Methods are needed to improve pediatricians' skills for physical examination of the ankle and knee.

Objective: To compare the effect of 2 methods of teaching the physical examination of the ankle and knee on the knowledge and skills of pediatricians.

Design: Prospective intervention trial with preintervention and postintervention tests.

Baseline injury risk factors for runners starting a marathon training program.

Objective: To describe the baseline characteristics of participants starting a 25-week marathon training program, and their relationship to injury risk factors.

Design: Prospective survey.

Setting: Community-based marathon training program.

Pediatric residents' performance of ankle and knee examinations after an educational intervention.

Background: Pediatric residents have the need for additional training in the care of common musculoskeletal injuries.

Objectives: To implement and evaluate the effects of a teaching intervention on pediatric residents' knowledge and skills in performing the physical examination of the ankle and knee.

Study Design: Prospective, intervention, single-sample study design.

Development and evaluation of a method for evaluating pediatric residents' knowledge and skill in performing physical examinations of the ankle and knee.

Background: Pediatric residents need the knowledge and physical examination skills to evaluate common musculoskeletal injuries. The ankle and the knee are the 2 most common sites of musculoskeletal injury in young athletes. Methods for evaluating pediatric residents' knowledge and skills in examining the ankle and knee are needed.

Sports-related head injuries.

Head injuries in sports cause serious long-term problems. Appropriate acute and subacute management of both catastrophic and mild injuries can prevent secondary, potentially disabling or fatal injury. By understanding the mechanism of injury, classification, and epidemiology of sports-related head injury, pediatricians can appropriately care for their athletic patients.

Transitions out of high school: time of increased cancer risk?

Background: The effectiveness of lifestyle behavior interventions with children to reduce chronic disease risks in adulthood assumes stability in the lifestyle behaviors across time. The transition out of high school is a time when many changes occur in social roles, e.g.

Management of ankle sprains.

This article reviewed the basics of ankle diagnosis and rehabilitation. It is hoped that after reading this, pediatricians will have more confidence in caring for these injuries.