A Systematic Review of the Existing Evidence on Early Year Interventions for Trauma and Violence Prevention.

Exposure to violence in early childhood is considered a public health issue and is a significant predictor of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence later in life. There has been a significant increase in violence intervention and prevention programs that are available for children and young people; however, there are few evidence-based interventions for younger children. This review systematically explores the existing impact evidence for available intervention and prevention programs targeted at young children (ages 3-8) across the United States and United Kingdom.

Epigenetic dysregulation in cancers by isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2).

Recent advances in genome-wide studies have revealed numerous epigenetic regulations brought about by genes involved in cellular metabolism. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), an essential enzyme, that converts isocitrate into -ketoglutarate (KG) predominantly in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, has gained particular importance due to its cardinal role in the metabolic pathway in cells. IDH1, IDH2, and IDH3 are the three isomeric IDH enzymes that have been shown to regulate cellular metabolism.

Acthar Gel in African Americans versus Non-African Americans with Symptomatic Sarcoidosis: Physician Assessment of Patient Medical Records.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is common among African Americans in the United States. Acthar Gel is a viable option for the treatment of advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis. This study examined patient characteristics, Acthar Gel utilization, co-medication use, and treatment response based on physicians' assessments among African Americans versus non-African Americans with advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis.

Surgical Resection of Retrosternal Goitre: The Four-Finger Technique.

Retrosternal goitre (RSG) is a thyroid gland with more than 50% of its mass located below the thoracic inlet. Pre-operative Computed Tomography can visualise the anatomical relations between the RSG and each mediastinal component, and the level of extension. Most cases of RSG can be resected via the cervical approach, as the thoracic approach carries a greater risk of complications.

Unveiling the ESR1 Conformational Stability and Screening Potent Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment.

Background: The current study recognizes the significance of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as a member of the nuclear receptor protein family, which holds a central role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. ERα serves as a valuable prognostic marker, with its established relevance in predicting disease outcomes and treatment responses.

Methods: In this study, computational methods are utilized to search for suitable drug-like compounds that demonstrate analogous ligand binding kinetics to ERα.

Cost-Effectiveness of Acthar Gel versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of Advanced Symptomatic Sarcoidosis.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem, inflammatory, systemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology. Despite the current standard of care (SoC), there is an unmet need for the treatment of advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin injection) versus SoC in patients with advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis from the United States (US) payer and societal perspectives over 2 and 3 years.

Treatment-Related Cost Analysis of Terlipressin for Adults with Hepatorenal Syndrome with Rapid Reduction in Kidney Function.

Introduction: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a special form of acute kidney failure, is a rare, acute, life-threatening complication of cirrhosis and has a very poor prognosis. Terlipressin (TERLIVAZ) is the first and only pharmacological treatment approved by Food and Drug Administration (September 2022) to improve kidney function for adults with HRS with rapid reduction in kidney function. We constructed a decision analytic economic model to estimate the cost per complete response/HRS reversal of terlipressin + albumin from a United States hospital perspective.

Tailoring epoxy coating with acetoxime derivative of zinc for advanced anticorrosive performance on mild steel: experimental and computational insights.

Context: In this work, the corrosion inhibitive effect of acetoxime derivative of zinc chloride, (ZnCl.2HON=C(CH)) (ZA), was investigated on mild steel in epoxy/polyamide coating. ZA was used to modify diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) to yield novel anticorrosive coating (epoxy-ZA) with excellent barrier characteristic.

Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation of EGFR for the Clinical Treatment of Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a WHO Grade IV tumor with poor visibility, a high risk of comorbidity, and exhibit limited treatment options. Resurfacing from second-rate glioma was originally classified as either mandatory or optional. Recent interest in personalized medicine has motivated research toward biomarker stratification-based individualized illness therapy.

Expression of Cyclin-D1 and p53 as Prognostic Markers in Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cyclin D1 and p53 play an important role in tumorigenesis of human cancers. The present study aims to evaluate cyclin D1 and p53 expression in resectable OSCC, and to determine their prognostic significance at the end of 5 year follow-up: A total of 100 patients aged 31-74 years, stage 3/4 were recruited. Cyclin D1 and p53 expression in the tumour tissue was estimated by IHC and was statistically correlated with demographic and clinicopathological data and prognosis was evaluated at the end of 5 year outcome.

High Frequency Hearing Loss in Chronic Renal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face multiple complications. One of them is involvement of the auditory system and it deserves more attention than is paid by the current approaches as hearing loss has major repercussions on the quality of life. Early detection can prevent further deterioration of hearing and improve the quality of life of patients suffering from CKD.

Cost-Effectiveness of Acthar Gel Versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of Exacerbations in Moderate-to-Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Introduction: Despite current standard of care (SoC), there is an unmet need for the treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study assessed the cost-effectiveness of Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin injection) versus SoC treatment in patients with active, moderate-to-severe SLE from the US payer and societal perspectives over 2 and 3 years.

Methods: Cost-effectiveness model was developed using a probabilistic cohort-level state-transition approach.

Temporal Changes in Cholangiocarcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the United States from 2001 to 2017.

Background: Previous studies report increasing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) incidence up to 2015. This contemporary retrospective analysis of CCA incidence and mortality in the US from 2001-2017 assessed whether CCA incidence continued to increase beyond 2015.

Patients And Methods: Patients (≥18 years) with CCA were identified in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 cancer registry (International Classification of Disease for Oncology [ICD-O]-3 codes: intrahepatic [iCCA], C221; extrahepatic [eCCA], C240, C241, C249).

Biopolymeric superabsorbent hydrogels enhance crop and water productivity of soybean-wheat system in Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

Environmental crises, declining factor productivity, and shrinking natural resource is a threat to global agricultural sustainability. The task is much more daunting in the Indo-Gangetic northern plains of India, where depletion of the underground water table and erratic rains due to the changing climate pose a major challenge to agriculture. To address these challenges a field investigation was carried out during 2016-2018 to test the efficacy of biopolymeric superabsorbent hydrogels namely Pusa Hydrogel (P-hydrogel: a semi-synthetic cellulose derivative-based product) and kaolin derivative of Pusa Hydrogel (K-hydrogel: semi-synthetic cellulose derivative) to assess their effect on crop and water productivity, soil moisture, root dynamics, and economics of soybean (Glycine max L.

Understanding Predictors of Response to Repository Corticotropin Injection Treatment Among Patients With Advanced Symptomatic Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis, an inflammatory systemic granulomatous disease, affects multiple organs and has a diverse clinical course. Repository corticotropin injection (RCI) is an effective treatment for advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis. Since sarcoidosis affects patients differently, treatment response may vary by patient demographic, clinical, and treatment-related characteristics and physician specialty.

The current use and evolving landscape of nutraceuticals.

The nutraceutical market is currently a high-impact multi-billion-dollar industry, and it is anticipated to grow rapidly over the next decade. Nutraceuticals comprise diverse food-derived product categories that have become widespread due to increased consumer awareness of potential health benefits and the need for improved wellness. This targeted review is designed to identify the current global trends, market opportunities, and regulations that drive the nutraceutical industry.

Cost-Effectiveness of Repository Corticotropin Injection for the Treatment of Acute Exacerbations in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Relapses are common among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) despite treatment with disease-modifying therapies. Repository corticotropin injection (RCI, Acthar Gel), plasmapheresis (PMP), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) are alternative therapies for MS relapse. There is a dearth of economic assessments of these therapies for the acute exacerbations of MS.

Cost-Effectiveness of Repository Corticotropin Injection versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of Active Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Introduction: Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often have inadequately controlled symptoms and are unable to achieve remission or low disease activity despite aggressive treatment. This results in irreversible joint damage, adversely affecting patients' physical and social functioning. The objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of repository corticotropin injection (RCI) versus standard of care (SoC) in patients with active RA from the United States (US) payer and societal perspectives over two to three years.

A Systematic Literature Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison of Efficacy of Repository Corticotropin Injection versus Synthetic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone for Infantile Spasms.

Infantile spasms is a rare disease characterized by distinct seizures and hypsarrhythmia. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is available as a natural product (repository corticotropin injection, [RCI]; Acthar® Gel) and as synthetic analogs. RCI is a naturally-sourced complex mixture of purified ACTH analogs and other pituitary peptides approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a monotherapy for the treatment of infantile spasms.

Cost per response analysis of repository corticotropin injection other alternative treatments for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.

Background: Relapses are common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) even after the use of disease-modifying therapies. Repository corticotropin injection (RCI), plasmapheresis (PMP), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) may be utilized as alternative therapies in the management of MS relapse. There is a lack of health economic studies on these alternative therapies for the acute exacerbations of MS.

The Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye Disease Among Patients Using Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or Other Nasal Mask Therapy Devices to Treat Sleep Apnea.

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) prevalence is estimated at 9.3% of the US adult population, although diagnosed rate is much lower. This study examined real-world incidence rates (IR) and prevalence rates (PR) of DED in adults using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or nasal mask therapy (NMT) devices to treat sleep apnea.

Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitor Prescription Patterns in the United States Among Men With Erectile Dysfunction: An Update.

Background: While phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are highly effective for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and well tolerated, updated data on prescription patterns have been limited in real-world settings.

Aim: To describe men in the United States who are prescribed PDE5Is for ED treatment and to evaluate patterns of initiation, switching, and treatment overlap.

Methods: This retrospective claims study used MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplement Databases from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, to identify initial PDE5I claims (index date) for sildenafil, tadalafil, and/or vardenafil.