Comparative diagnostic performance of rapid urease test with the sweeping method versus tissue sampling method after Helicobacter pylori eradication (with video).

Background And Aims: The rapid urease test (RUT) is widely used to detect Helicobacter pylori infection; however, it is not preferred as a monitoring strategy after eradication owing to its low sensitivity. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of RUT using the sweeping method, which overcomes the limitations of conventional tissue sampling methods after eradication.

Methods: Patients who received H pylori eradication treatment were enrolled.

The Impact of Statins on the Survival of Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib or Lenvatinib.

We aimed to evaluate the survival benefits of coadministering statins and multityrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea (2010-2020) were utilized. Statin use (≥28 cumulative defined daily doses) was analyzed, with 1534 statin users matched to 6136 non-users (1:4 ratio) using propensity scores.

Impact of guideline adherence on the prognosis of Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are considerably heterogeneous in terms of tumor burden, liver function, and performance status. To improve the poor survival outcomes of these patients, treatment approaches other than transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), which is recommended by HCC guidelines, have been adopted in real-world clinical practice. We hypothesize that this non-adherence to treatment guidelines, particularly with respect to the use of liver resection, improves survival in patients with stage B HCC.

Alteration of the fecal microbiome in patients with cholecystectomy: potential relationship with postcholecystectomy diarrhea - before and after study.

Background: Bile acid (BA) is a crucial determinant of the gut microbiome, and cholecystectomy can alter the physiology of BA. Physiological changes in BA resulting from cholecystectomy can also influence the gut microbiome. We aimed to identify the specific taxa associated with perioperative symptoms, including postcholecystectomy diarrhea (PCD), and to evaluate the effect of cholecystectomy on the microbiome by investigating the fecal microbiome of patients with gallstones.

Positive faecal immunochemical test predicts the onset of inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide, propensity score-matched study.

Background & Aims: The faecal immunochemical test (FIT), a non-invasive test for screening colorectal cancer (CRC), is being increasingly understood to reflect heightened inflammation. We aimed to investigate the association between abnormal FIT results and onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disease characterized with chronic gut mucosal inflammation.

Methods: Participants in the Korean National Cancer Screening Program for CRC between 2009-2013 were analysed and divided into positive and negative FIT result groups.

Effect of Eradication Treatment on Metachronous Gastric Neoplasm Prevention Following Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Adenoma.

The long-term effect of eradication on metachronous gastric neoplasm prevention after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of gastric adenoma is unclear. This study included patients with confirmed infection after ESD with curative resection for gastric adenoma. Patients were divided based on the success of eradication treatment into two groups: eradication and non-eradication.

Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery for undifferentiated intramucosal gastric cancer regardless of size.

Background: The clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for undifferentiated (UD) intramucosal early gastric cancer (EGC) compared with those of surgery, regardless of lesion size, are not well known. Furthermore, there is a concern regarding the treatment plan before and after ESD in cases of UD intramucosal EGC within expanded indications.

Aim: To evaluate clinical outcomes of ESD compared with those of surgery in UD intramucosal EGC patients regardless of tumor size.

Near-Infrared Ratiometric Two-Photon Probe for pH Measurement in Human Stomach Cancer Tissue.

Stomach cancer is a global health issue because of its incidence and mortality rates worldwide. We developed a near-infrared (NIR) emissive ratiometric two-photon (TP) probe () for the quantitative analysis of pH in live cells and human stomach tissues. The probe design is based on a restrained hemicyanine core that controls the intramolecular charge transfer from 2-naphthol, with a suitable p value (7.

Association of Regular Endoscopic Screening with Interval Gastric Cancer Incidence in the National Cancer Screening Program.

Although regular endoscopic screening may help in early detection of gastric cancer, interval cancer remains a problem in the screening program. This study evaluated the association between regular endoscopic screening and interval cancer detection in the Korean National Cancer Screening Program (KNCSP). We defined three groups (regularly, irregularly, and not screened) according to the screening interval, and the trends in the interval cancer rate (ICR) between the groups were tested using the Cochran-Armitage test.

Risk factor-based optimal endoscopic surveillance intervals after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric adenoma.

To date, there exists no established endoscopic surveillance interval strategy after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric adenoma. In this study, we suggest a risk factor-based statistical model for optimal surveillance intervals for gastric adenoma after ESD with curative resection. A cox proportional hazard model was applied to identify risk factors for recurrence after ESD.

Assessment of medical students' clinical performance using high-fidelity simulation: comparison of peer and instructor assessment.

Background: High-fidelity simulators are highly useful in assessing clinical competency; they enable reliable and valid evaluation. Recently, the importance of peer assessment has been highlighted in healthcare education, and studies using peer assessment in healthcare, such as medicine, nursing, dentistry, and pharmacy, have examined the value of peer assessment. This study aimed to analyze inter-rater reliability between peers and instructors and examine differences in scores between peers and instructors in the assessment of high-fidelity-simulation-based clinical performance by medical students.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis for predicting postoperative complications and survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis provides information on body composition and nutritional status. However, it's unclear whether the preoperative edema index or phase angle predicts postoperative complication or mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, we investigated whether preoperative bioelectrical impedance analysis could predict postoperative complications and survival in patients with HCC.

Association Between Waiting Time from Diagnosis to Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Non-curative Resection in Gastric Neoplasm.

Background/aim: Currently, there are no standard guidelines for the waiting time from the diagnosis of gastric neoplasms to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Patients And Methods: A total of 1,605 patients who had undergone ESD for early gastric cancer (EGC) or high-grade dysplasia (HGD) were enrolled. Waiting time for ESD was defined as the time from the first diagnosis to ESD.

Association of Intensive Endoscopic Screening Burden With Gastric Cancer Detection.

Importance: The rapidly increasing number of gastric cancer examinations performed over a short period might influence screening performance. Accessing the association between calendar month and gastric cancer detection rates might improve policy and guide institutional support.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the increased number of examinations over a certain period and gastric cancer detection rates among a large population included in the Korean National Cancer Screening Program (KNCSP).

Fecal Microbiota Alterations and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Functional Abdominal Bloating/Distention.

Background/aims: The pathophysiology of functional abdominal bloating and distention (FABD) is unclear yet. Our aim is to compare the diversity and composition of fecal microbiota in patients with FABD and healthy individuals, and to evaluate the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and dysbiosis.

Methods: The microbiota of fecal samples was analyzed from 33 subjects, including 12 healthy controls and 21 patients with FABD diagnosed by the Rome IV criteria.

Impact of previous metronidazole exposure on metronidazole-based second-line quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background/aims: The negative effects on the eradication success of Helicobacter pylori infection after previous exposure to macrolides, including clarithromycin on clarithromycin-based first-line therapy have been demonstrated. However, whether this is true for metronidazole-based second-line quadruple therapy remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between past administration of metronidazole and the failure of metronidazole-based second-line quadruple therapy in patients with H.