High prevalence of cognitive impairment among students near mount Merapi: a case study.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study illustrates the high prevalence of intellectual impairment among students at the Kanisius Prontakan primary school near Mt. Merapi, one of the most active volcanic mountains in Indonesia. To determine the possible cause of these abnormal cognitive impairments, we considered and investigated the threats to society and the environment of the frequent volcanic eruptions, as well as the effects of malnutrition due to extreme poverty, in that area.

Thunb. ethanol extract suppresses RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis.

The constituents of Thunb. (PJ) exhibit biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-obesity, anti-oxidant and anti-allergic activities. The aim of the present study was to examine effects of PJ in RANKL-induced signaling pathways, which determine osteoclast differentiation.

Spirobifluorene Core-Based Novel Hole Transporting Materials for Red Phosphorescence OLEDs.

Two new hole transporting materials, named and , were designed and synthesized in significant yields using the well-known Buchwald Hartwig and Suzuki cross- coupling reactions. Both materials showed higher decomposition temperatures (over 450 °C) at 5% weight reduction and exhibited a higher glass transition temperature of 180 °C. Red phosphorescence-based OLED devices were fabricated to analyze the device performances compared to Spiro-NPB and NPB as reference hole transporting materials.

Optical Properties of Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Thin Film Encapsulation Layers for Flexible Top-Emission Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Inorganic/organic hybrid thin film encapsulation layers consist of a thin Al2O3 layer together with polymer material. We have investigated optical properties of thin film encapsulation layers for top-emission flexible organic light-emitting diodes. The transmittance of hybrid thin film encapsulation layers and the electroluminescent spectrum of organic light-emitting diodes that were passivated by hybrid organic/inorganic thin film encapsulation layers were also examined as a function of the thickness of inorganic Al203 and monomer layers.

Growth Behavior of High Density Al2O3 Layer Prepared by Using Cyclic Chemical Vapor Deposition Technology.

In this paper, growth behavior of high density Al2O3 which was prepared by using cyclic chemical vapor deposition (C-CVD) system has been systematically investigated. Tri-Methyl-Aluminum (TMA) and oxygen (02) plasma was used as source precursor and reactant, respectively. Unlike the conventional ALD system that source precursor and reactant was injected alternatively that was separated by inert gas purge step, TMA and 02 was mixed and co-fed into the process chamber simultaneously, followed by purge step.

Attenuated RANKL-induced cytotoxicity by Portulaca oleracea ethanol extract enhances RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis.

Background: Portulaca oleracea (PO) has been widely used as traditional medicine because of its pharmacological activities. However, the effects of PO on osteoclasts that modulate bone homeostasis are still elusive.

Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of PO ethanol extract (POEE) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization, nuclear factor of activated T-cell c1 (NFATc1) amplification, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) multinucleated cell (MNC) formation, and cytotoxicity.