Developmental mouse brain common coordinate framework.

3D brain atlases are key resources to understand the brain's spatial organization and promote interoperability across different studies. However, unlike the adult mouse brain, the lack of developing mouse brain 3D reference atlases hinders advancements in understanding brain development. Here, we present a 3D developmental common coordinate framework (DevCCF) spanning embryonic day (E)11.

Developmental Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework.

3D standard reference brains serve as key resources to understand the spatial organization of the brain and promote interoperability across different studies. However, unlike the adult mouse brain, the lack of standard 3D reference atlases for developing mouse brains has hindered advancement of our understanding of brain development. Here, we present a multimodal 3D developmental common coordinate framework (DevCCF) spanning mouse embryonic day (E) 11.

Towards reliable reconstruction of the mouse brain corticothalamic connectivity using diffusion MRI.

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography has yielded intriguing insights into brain circuits and their relationship to behavior in response to gene mutations or neurological diseases across a number of species. Still, existing tractography approaches suffer from limited sensitivity and specificity, leading to uncertain interpretation of the reconstructed connections. Hence, in this study, we aimed to optimize the imaging and computational pipeline to achieve the best possible spatial overlaps between the tractography and tracer-based axonal projection maps within the mouse brain corticothalamic network.

Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer MRI of white matter structures in the hypomyelinated shiverer mouse brain.

Purpose: Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) MRI is uniquely sensitive to myelin with lipids as a primary source of its contrast. In this study, we investigated whether ihMT can detect white matter structures in the hypomyelinated shiverer mouse brain, a model of dysmyelination.

Methods: Conventional MT and ihMT images were acquired from ex vivo Rag2 control and shiverer mouse brains at 7T using previously reported optimized saturation parameters.

Macroscopic Structural and Connectome Mapping of the Mouse Brain Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Translational work in rodents elucidates basic mechanisms that drive complex behaviors relevant to psychiatric and neurological conditions. Nonetheless, numerous promising studies in rodents later fail in clinical trials, highlighting the need for improving the translational utility of preclinical studies in rodents. Imaging of small rodents provides an important strategy to address this challenge, as it enables a whole-brain unbiased search for structural and dynamic changes that can be directly compared to human imaging.

Centrosome anchoring regulates progenitor properties and cortical formation.

Radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs) are the major neural progenitor cells that generate neurons and glia in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex. In RGPs, the centrosome is positioned away from the nucleus at the apical surface of the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. However, the molecular basis and precise function of this distinctive subcellular organization of the centrosome are largely unknown.

Acceleration of three-dimensional diffusion magnetic resonance imaging using a kernel low-rank compressed sensing method.

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) has shown great potential in probing tissue microstructure and structural connectivity in the brain but is often limited by the lengthy scan time needed to sample the diffusion profile by acquiring multiple diffusion weighted images (DWIs). Although parallel imaging technique has improved the speed of dMRI acquisition, attaining high resolution three dimensional (3D) dMRI on preclinical MRI systems remained still time consuming. In this paper, kernel principal component analysis, a machine learning approach, was employed to estimate the correlation among DWIs.

PARD3 dysfunction in conjunction with dynamic HIPPO signaling drives cortical enlargement with massive heterotopia.

Proper organization and orderly mitosis of radial glial progenitors (RGPs) drive the formation of a laminated mammalian cortex in the correct size. However, the molecular underpinnings of the intricate process remain largely unclear. Here we show that RGP behavior and cortical development are controlled by temporally distinct actions of partitioning-defective 3 (PARD3) in concert with dynamic HIPPO signaling.

Magnetic resonance microscopy of human and porcine neurons and cellular processes.

With its unparalleled ability to safely generate high-contrast images of soft tissues, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has remained at the forefront of diagnostic clinical medicine. Unfortunately due to resolution limitations, clinical scans are most useful for detecting macroscopic structural changes associated with a small number of pathologies. Moreover, due to a longstanding inability to directly observe magnetic resonance (MR) signal behavior at the cellular level, such information is poorly characterized and generally must be inferred.

Diffusion tensor microscopy in human nervous tissue with quantitative correlation based on direct histological comparison.

Thanks to its proven utility in both clinical and research applications, diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) is regularly employed as a means of delineating white-matter tracts. While successful efforts have been made to validate tractographic predictions, comparative methods which would permit the validation of such predictions at microscopic resolutions in complex biological tissues have remained elusive. In a previous study, we attempted to validate for the first time such predictions at microscopic resolutions in rat and pig spinal cords using a semi-quantitative analysis method.

Differences of photographs inducing craving between alcoholics and non-alcoholics.

Many researchers have used cue reactivity paradigm to study alcohol craving. But the difference of craving response to drinks between alcoholic patients and social drinkers was little evaluated. To investigate characteristics of alcohol-related visual cues which induce alcohol craving in alcoholism, we examined the response of subjects to alcohol-related cues considering qualitative aspects.

Increased P3 amplitudes induced by alcohol-related pictures in patients with alcohol dependence.

Background: Alcohol craving, a key element in alcohol dependence, is recognized as being a kind of motivational or emotional state. It is meaningful in research and clinical practice involving alcohol dependence to explore ways of measuring alcohol craving. The aim of this study was to measure the P3 event-related potentials induced by alcohol-related pictures in patients with alcohol dependence; these potentials are considered to constitute a neuronal correlate of alcohol craving.

Reduced P3 amplitudes by negative facial emotional photographs in schizophrenia.

Event-related potentials (ERPs), mostly P3, were measured in 20 schizophrenia and 20 healthy control subjects, in order to determine whether patients with schizophrenia have greater impairment in the processing of negative emotions. Study subjects were instructed to feel and respond to rare targets of facial photographs placed between frequent nontarget checkerboards. We found that P3 amplitudes associated with negative emotional photographs, in normal controls, were significantly larger than those of positive stimuli.