Evaluating current status of network pharmacology for herbal medicine focusing on identifying mechanisms and therapeutic effects.

Introduction: Network pharmacology has gained significant traction as a tool for identifying the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines. However, despite the usefulness of these approaches, their diversity underscores the critical need for a systematic evaluation to ensure consistency and reliability.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the network pharmacological analyses, focusing on identifying the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines.

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of izuforant, an H4R inhibitor, in healthy subjects: A phase I single and multiple ascending dose study.

Izuforant is a selective, and potent histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonist developed to treat atopic dermatitis (AD). There is an unmet medical need for therapeutic agents to control inflammation and pruritus. Izuforant is a strong candidate for this task based on the findings of non-clinical studies showing that inhibition of the histamine-mediated signaling pathway via H4R by izuforant results in decreased pruritus and inflammation.

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Bepotastine for Determination of Optimal Dosage Regimen in Pediatric Patients with Allergic Rhinitis or Urticaria.

Bepotastine, a second-generation antihistamine for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, is widely used in all age groups but lacks appropriate dosing guidelines for pediatric patients, leading to off-label prescriptions. We conducted this study to propose an optimal dosing regimen for pediatric patients based on population pharmacokinetic (popPK) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models using data from two previous trials. A popPK model was built using NONMEM software.

Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Effects of Herbal Medicines on Escitalopram.

Purpose: Herbal medicines are occasionally used in combination with conventional antidepressants to mitigate various depression-associated symptoms. However, there is limited information on herb-antidepressant interactions. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic (PK) effects of four herbal medicines (Gami-soyosan, Banhasasim-tang, Ojeok-san, and Bojungikgi-tang) on escitalopram, a commonly used antidepressant.

Antioxidant Efficacy of Hwangryunhaedok-tang through Nrf2 and AMPK Signaling Pathway against Neurological Disorders In Vivo and In Vitro.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a representative cause of dementia and is caused by neuronal loss, leading to the accumulation of aberrant neuritic plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Oxidative stress is involved in the impaired clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ), and Aβ-induced oxidative stress causes AD by inducing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT, Kracie K-09), a traditional herbal medicine prescription, has shown therapeutic effects on various diseases.

The Association between Serum Lipid Levels and Tinnitus Prevalence and Severity in Korean Elderly: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the association between serum lipid level and tinnitus risk in Korean older adults.

Materials And Methods: This study used data from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall, 6021 subjects aged ≥60 years were included.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, with phentermine in healthy subjects.

Background: DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, has shown promise for improving blood glucose control and facilitating weight loss. Co-administration with phentermine could enhance these effects. So, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions of DWP16001 and phentermine.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions between evogliptin and empagliflozin or dapagliflozin in healthy male volunteers.

Evogliptin (EV) is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between EV and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in healthy volunteers since combination therapy of DPP4i and SGLT2i has been considered as an effective option for T2DM treatment. A randomized, open-label, multiple-dose, two-arm, three-period, three treatments, two-sequence crossover study was conducted in healthy Korean volunteers.

The effects of long-term cumulative HbA1c exposure on the development and onset time of dementia in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Hospital based retrospective study (2005-2021).

Aims: We examined cumulative effects of long-term glycemic exposure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the development of dementia.

Methods: The study involved 20,487 records of patients with T2DM identified in the electronic medical record at Severance Hospital, Korea. Cumulative HbA1c (AUC) and mean HbA1c over time (HbA1c) as measures of long-term glycemic exposure were compared for the development of dementia and the time to dementia.

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions between lobeglitazone, empagliflozin, and metformin in healthy subjects.

Unlabelled: Concomitant administration of lobeglitazone, empagliflozin, and metformin is expected to enhance blood glucose-lowering effects and improve medication compliance in patients with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions and safety of lobeglitazone and co-administered empagliflozin and metformin, which are approved agents used in clinical settings. Two randomized, open-label, multiple-dose, 2-treatment, 2-period, 2-sequence crossover clinical trials (parts 1 and 2) were conducted independently.

Effect of Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Evogliptin in Healthy Volunteers.

Purpose: Evogliptin (DA-1229) is a novel, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the effect of rifampicin on evogliptin pharmacokinetics.

Patients And Methods: An open-label, crossover, one-sequence study was conducted on 12 healthy subjects.

Effects of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetic Profile and Safety of Lobeglitazone.

In this open-label, single-dose, parallel-group study, we compared the pharmacokinetic profile and safety of lobeglitazone, a thiazolidinedione acting as an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, in patients with hepatic impairment (HI) and healthy matched controls for age, sex, and body weight. After a single oral dose of lobeglitazone (0.5 mg), the lobeglitazone (parent drug) and M7 (major metabolite) plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed and compared between the HI patient groups and healthy matched control groups.

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of YH4808 in healthy subjects for defining an appropriate dosing regimen.

Unlabelled: YH4808 is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker developed for gastric acid-related disorders. Previous studies indicate its potential to improve symptoms of gastric acid-related disorders. The current study was aimed to find the optimal regimen of YH4808 for night time pH control.

Association between Daily Sunlight Exposure and Fractures in Older Korean Adults with Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the association between daily sunlight exposure duration and fractures in older Korean adults with osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: We utilized data from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Osteoporosis was diagnosed based on a T-score of ≤-2.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine in the Korean Population.

While primaquine has long been used for malaria treatment, treatment failure is common. This study aims to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of primaquine and its metabolite, carboxyprimaquine, and examine factors influencing pharmacokinetic variability. The data was obtained from a clinical study in 24 Korean subjects randomly assigned to normal and obese groups.

Association Between 10-Year Fracture Probability and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With or Without Sarcopenia in Korean Men: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia, which are common in elderly men, are known as risk factors of fracture. However, few studies have examined the association with fracture in these patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between NAFLD with or without sarcopenia and 10-year fracture probability in Korean men aged ≥50 years.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of evogliptin in hepatically impaired patients.

Aims: Evogliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since evogliptin is mainly eliminated through hepatic metabolism, we investigated the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety characteristics of evogliptin in Korean patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.

Methods: An open-label, parallel-group study was conducted in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment and healthy control subjects matched to each patient for sex, age and body mass index.

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of YH4808 for eradication in healthy subjects.

Unlabelled: YH4808 is a novel selective potassium-competitive acid blocker demonstrated to be safe and to have inhibitory effects against gastric acid secretion in previous studies. A randomized, open-label, multiple-dose, 3-treatment, 1-period, parallel design study was conducted to compare the eradication rates and acid suppression capacities of three regimens in 60 healthy subjects with -positive, and the potential of YH4808 to replace proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) in standard regimens for eradication. Group 1 received YH4808, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin as a novel triple regimen, while Group 2 received YH4808 and amoxicillin only, and Group 3 received esomeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin, as the standard triple regimen.

Association between daily sunlight exposure duration and diabetic retinopathy in Korean adults with diabetes: A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To investigate the association between daily sunlight exposure duration and diabetic retinopathy in Korean adults with diabetes.

Methods: This study used data from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall, 1,089 patients with diabetes aged >40 years were included.

A Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Model of CKD-519.

CKD-519 is a selective and potent cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor that is being developed for dyslipidemia. Even though CKD-519 has shown potent CETP inhibition, the exposure of CKD-519 was highly varied, depending on food and dose. For highly variable exposure drugs, it is crucial to use modeling and simulation to plan proper dose selection.

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions between amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and the potassium-competitive acid blocker YH4808 in healthy subjects.

Unlabelled: YH4808 is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker that was developed as a therapeutic agent for gastric acid-related diseases; it may replace proton pump inhibitors, which are widely used in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin for eradication. We compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and safety of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and YH4808 used as monotherapies or in combination for evaluating potential drug interactions. An open-label, randomized, single-dose, Latin-square (4 × 4) crossover study was conducted in 32 healthy Korean volunteers.

The safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of immediate-release formulation containing esomeprazole 20 mg/sodium bicarbonate 800 mg in healthy adult male.

Background: Esomeprazole is the most effective treatment for acid-related disorders and is widely used with enteric coating due to rapid degradation in the acidic environment. However, the enteric-coated formulation delays absorption and onset of action. To overcome this limitation, an immediate-release formulation containing esomeprazole 20 mg and sodium bicarbonate 800 mg (IR-ESO) was developed.

Effects of on Weight and Fat Mass Reduction and Obesity Biomarkers in Overweight or Obese Adults: A Randomized Double-Blinded Study.

The edible seaweed (GEE) is known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation. However, there has been no report on its effects in humans. In this study, we investigated whether GEE reduces body weight or fat mass in obese or overweight individuals.

Comparison of biosimilar filgrastim with a reference product: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profiles in healthy volunteers.

Purpose: Filgrastim, a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, is used to treat patients with neutropenia, including neutropenic fever. Leucostim is a recombinant filgrastim product tested for biosimilarity with its reference product, Neupogen. We conducted a comparative clinical trial of the 2 products.