Lateral Heterometal Junction Rectifier Fabricated by Sequential Transmetallation of Coordination Nanosheet.

Heterostructures of two-dimensional materials realise novel and enhanced physical phenomena, making them attractive research targets. Compared to inorganic materials, coordination nanosheets have virtually infinite combinations, leading to tunability of physical properties and are promising candidates for heterostructure fabrication. Although stacking of coordination materials into vertical heterostructures is widely reported, reports of lateral coordination material heterostructures are few.

OAF is a DAF-like gene that controls ovule development in plants.

We previously found that the RING-type E3 ligase DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1- (DAD1-) Activating Factor (DAF) controls anther dehiscence by activating the jasmonate biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, the DAF ancestor was duplicated into three genes (DAF, Ovule Activating Factor (OAF), DAFL2), which evolved divergent partial functions from their ancestor through subfunctionalization. In this case, DAF-DAD1-JA signaling regulates anther dehiscence, whereas OAF controls ovule development by negatively regulating cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 9 (CAD9) activity and being negatively regulated by miR847 itself in Arabidopsis.

First Report of ' Phytoplasma aurantifolia' Associated with the Invasive Weed (L.) in Taiwan.

(L.), commonly known as false daisy of the family Asteraceae, is an erect or prostrate annual herb that grows 5 to 45 cm tall. It is widespread mainly in tropical and subtropical regions like India, China, Taiwan, Thailand, and Brazil (Chung et al.

Detection, Identification, and Molecular Characterization of the 16SrII-V Subgroup Phytoplasma Strain Associated with in Taiwan.

(L.) Mart. is a pantropical annual herb belonging to the Amaranthaceae family.

Heterometallic Benzenehexathiolato Coordination Nanosheets: Periodic Structure Improves Crystallinity and Electrical Conductivity.

Coordination nanosheets are an emerging class of 2D, bottom-up materials having fully π-conjugated, planar, graphite-like structures with high electrical conductivities. Since their discovery, great effort has been devoted to expand the variety of coordination nanosheets; however, in most cases, their low crystallinity in thick films hampers practical device applications. In this study, mixtures of nickel and copper ions are employed to fabricate benzenehexathiolato (BHT)-based coordination nanosheet films, and serendipitously, it is found that this heterometallicity preferentially forms a structural phase with improved film crystallinity.

Accelerating Complete Phytoplasma Genome Assembly by Immunoprecipitation-Based Enrichment and MinION-Based DNA Sequencing for Comparative Analyses.

Phytoplasmas are uncultivated plant-pathogenic bacteria with agricultural importance. Those belonging to the 16SrII group, represented by ' P. aurantifolia', have a wide range of plant hosts and cause significant yield losses in valuable crops, such as pear, sweet potato, peanut, and soybean.

Detection, Identification, and Molecular Characterization of a 16SrII-V Subgroup Phytoplasma Associated with .

Viviani, commonly known as curl-leaved tobacco, is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to Solanaceae family. This plant is native to Mexico, South America, and parts of the Caribbean and has been reported to be present in Taiwan since 2006. In March 2021, Viviani, found in Yunlin County, Taiwan, was observed to have phyllody, virescence, and witches'-broom, which is consistent with the disease symptoms caused by phytoplasma infection.

Identification of 16SrII-V Phytoplasma Associated with Mungbean Phyllody Disease in Taiwan.

Mungbean ( (L.) R. Wilczek), an important legume crop in Asia, is primarily cultivated in the central-southern region of western Taiwan.

Threeflower Tickclover () is a New Host for Peanut Witches' Broom Phytoplasma, a 16SrII-V Subgroup Strain in Taiwan.

Three-flower Tick-clover () is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the family of Leguminosae. Threeflower tickclover widely grows at mid-low altitude regions in Taiwan and is commonly used as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of dysmenorrheal, muscle spasm, cough, pain and poisoning. In March 2020, disease symptoms such as little leaf, phyllody, virescence, and witches' broom were observed on threeflower tickclover at the sansheng community park in Mailiao, Yunlin County, Taiwan.

is a New Host for Peanut Witches' Broom Phytoplasma, a 16SrII-V Subgroup Strain in Taiwan.

(Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai, a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the family of Asteraceae, is widely distributed at mid-low altitude regions in Taiwan.

Lilac Tasselflower () is a New Host for Peanut Witches' Broom Phytoplasma, a 16SrII-V Subgroup Strain in Taiwan.

Lilac tasselflower () is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the family of Asteraceae. Lilac tasselflower is widely distributed at mid-low altitude regions in Taiwan, and is commonly used as traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatism, dysentery, and analgesic. In March 2020, disease symptoms such as shoot proliferation, phyllody, and witches' broom were observed on lilac tasselflower at the sansheng community park in Mailiao, Yunlin County, Taiwan.

Interfacial transmetallation synthesis of a platinadithiolene nanosheet as a potential 2D topological insulator.

The construction of two-dimensional metal complex materials is fascinating because of the structural and functional diversity of these materials. Previously, we have reported the synthesis of electroconductive nickelladithiolene (NiDT) and palladadithiolene (PdDT) nanosheets using benzenehexathiol (BHT). Down the group from Ni, Pd to Pt, there is a distinct positive shift in the reduction potential; as a result, it becomes synthetically more challenging to stabilize Pt than to form metallic Pt(0) in the presence of BHT as a reducing agent.

Alterations of plant architecture and phase transition by the phytoplasma virulence factor SAP11.

As key mediators linking developmental processes with plant immunity, TCP (TEOSINTE-BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATION FACTOR 1 and 2) transcription factors have been increasingly shown to be targets of pathogenic effectors. We report here that TB/CYC (TEOSINTE-BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA)-TCPs are destabilized by phytoplasma SAP11 effectors, leading to the proliferation of axillary meristems. Although a high degree of sequence diversity was observed among putative SAP11 effectors identified from evolutionarily distinct clusters of phytoplasmas, these effectors acquired fundamental activity in destabilizing TB/CYC-TCPs.

Phytoplasma SAP11 alters 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana by suppressing NbOMT1.

Phytoplasmas are bacterial phytopathogens that release virulence effectors into sieve cells and act systemically to affect the physiological and morphological state of host plants to promote successful pathogenesis. We show here that transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines expressing the secreted effector SAP11 from Candidatus Phytoplasma mali exhibit an altered aroma phenotype. This phenomenon is correlated with defects in the development of glandular trichomes and the biosynthesis of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP).

Arabidopsis HFR1 is a potential nuclear substrate regulated by the Xanthomonas type III effector XopD(Xcc8004).

XopDXcc8004, a type III effector of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) 8004, is considered a shorter version of the XopD, which lacks the N-terminal domain. To understand the functions of XopDXcc8004, in planta, a transgenic approach combined with inducible promoter to analyze the effects of XopDXcc8004 in Arabidopsis was done.

A RING-type E3 ligase controls anther dehiscence by activating the jasmonate biosynthetic pathway gene DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 in Arabidopsis.

Suppression of expression of DAF [DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 (DAD1)-Activating Factor], a gene that encodes a putative RING-finger E3 ligase protein, causes non-dehiscence of the anthers, alters pollen development and causes sterility in 35S:DAF RNAi/antisense Arabidopsis plants. This mutant phenotype correlates with the suppression of DAF but not with expression of the two most closely related genes, DAFL1/2. The expression of DAD1 was significantly reduced in 35S:DAF RNAi/antisense plants, and complementation with 35S:DAF did not rescue the dad1 mutant, indicating that DAF acts upstream of DAD1 in jasmonic acid biosynthesis.

The AvrB_AvrC domain of AvrXccC of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is required to elicit plant defense responses and manipulate ABA homeostasis.

Plant disease induced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris depends on type III effectors but the molecular basis is poorly understood. Here, AvrXccC8004 was characterized, and it was found that the AvrB_AvrC domain was essential and sufficient to elicit defense responses in an Arabidopsis-resistant ecotype (Col-0).