Reactions of SleC, Its Structure and Inhibition in Mitigation of Spore Germination in .

Spore germination in is initiated by a cascade of activities of several proteins that culminates in the activation of SleC, a cell-wall-processing enzyme. We report herein the details of the enzymatic activities of SleC by the use of synthetic peptidoglycan fragments and of spore sacculi. The reactions include the formation of 1,6-anhydromuramate─a hallmark of lytic transglycosylase activity─as well as a muramate hydrolytic product, both of which proceed through the same transient oxocarbenium species.

Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor to Optimize Dosing and Timing for CD34 Cell Harvesting.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes peripheral blood (PB) progenitor cells from bone marrow (BM) into circulation for PB stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model of filgrastim in healthy subjects to optimize PB CD34 cell collection. Plasma filgrastim concentrations and CD34 cell count data were obtained from a clinical study involving healthy Korean subjects.

Evaluating current status of network pharmacology for herbal medicine focusing on identifying mechanisms and therapeutic effects.

Introduction: Network pharmacology has gained significant traction as a tool for identifying the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines. However, despite the usefulness of these approaches, their diversity underscores the critical need for a systematic evaluation to ensure consistency and reliability.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the network pharmacological analyses, focusing on identifying the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines.

The Role of Vitamin E Isoforms and Metabolites in Cancer Prevention: Mechanistic Insights into Sphingolipid Metabolism Modulation.

Natural forms of vitamin E include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols (α, β, γ, and δ), which are essential as lipophilic antioxidants. Among these eight isoforms, α-tocopherol (αT), the predominant form of vitamin E found in tissues, has traditionally received the most attention in disease prevention research due to its robust antioxidant activity. However, recent studies suggest that other forms of vitamin E exhibit distinct and potentially more potent beneficial activities in disease prevention and treatment.

Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Profiles of Patients Hospitalized with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Southwestern South Korea.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is caused by hantaviruses. Data of 34 patients with HFRS hospitalized at Chosun University Hospital, South Korea, between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) targeting the L segment of hantavirus and sequencing were used for diagnosis.

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of izuforant, an H4R inhibitor, in healthy subjects: A phase I single and multiple ascending dose study.

Izuforant is a selective, and potent histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonist developed to treat atopic dermatitis (AD). There is an unmet medical need for therapeutic agents to control inflammation and pruritus. Izuforant is a strong candidate for this task based on the findings of non-clinical studies showing that inhibition of the histamine-mediated signaling pathway via H4R by izuforant results in decreased pruritus and inflammation.

Rodent model intervention for prevention and optimal management of sarcopenia: A systematic review on the beneficial effects of nutrients & non-nutrients and exercise to improve skeletal muscle health.

Sarcopenia is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by degenerative processes and is strongly linked to an increased susceptibility to falls, fractures, physical limitations, and mortality. Several models have been used to explore therapeutic and preventative measures as well as to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms behind sarcopenia. With novel experimental methodologies emerging to design foods or novel versions of conventional foods, understanding the impact of nutrition on the prevention and management of sarcopenia has become important.

The Development of New Functional Foods and Ingredients.

Functional foods have emerged as a crucial area of research and innovation in the realm of food science, offering promising solutions for the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, and hypertension [...

Chemical Composition Analysis and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Crude Extract of on Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Wistar Albino Rats.

A member of the Phyllanthaceae family, is a well-known plant in the tribal areas of Sri Lanka, India's Shaurastra region, Australia, and Malaysia. This study provides information about , a plant with a wide range of therapeutic uses in India. Different extracts from the leaves and roots of were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties, preliminary phytochemical parameters, and pharmacological activities in the current study, followed by their fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Restoring susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Infections by Staphylococcus aureus have been treated historically with β-lactam antibiotics. However, these antibiotics have become obsolete in methicillin-resistant S. aureus by acquisition of the bla and mec operons.

Role of Corn Peptide Powder in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Corn peptide (CP) is a short, naturally occurring, and physiologically active peptide generated from corn-protease-catalyzed hydrolysis. CP plays a role in preventing obesity-related disorders, but its impact on reducing inflammation is unknown. Hence, this study examined the possible protective effects of corn peptide powder (CPP) against the harmful effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with a particular emphasis on reducing oxidative damage and inflammation in adipocytes.

Lytic transglycosylase Slt of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a periplasmic hub protein.

Peptidoglycan is a major constituent of the bacterial cell wall. Its integrity as a polymeric edifice is critical for bacterial survival and, as such, it is a preeminent target for antibiotics. The peptidoglycan is a dynamic crosslinked polymer that undergoes constant biosynthesis and turnover.

Identification of New Isolates of Phytophthora sojae and Selection of Resistant Soybean Genotypes.

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora sojae, can occur at any growth stage under poorly drained and humid conditions. The expansion of soybean cultivation in South Korean paddy fields has increased the frequency of PRR outbreaks. This study aimed to identify four P.

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Bepotastine for Determination of Optimal Dosage Regimen in Pediatric Patients with Allergic Rhinitis or Urticaria.

Bepotastine, a second-generation antihistamine for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, is widely used in all age groups but lacks appropriate dosing guidelines for pediatric patients, leading to off-label prescriptions. We conducted this study to propose an optimal dosing regimen for pediatric patients based on population pharmacokinetic (popPK) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models using data from two previous trials. A popPK model was built using NONMEM software.

Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Effects of Herbal Medicines on Escitalopram.

Purpose: Herbal medicines are occasionally used in combination with conventional antidepressants to mitigate various depression-associated symptoms. However, there is limited information on herb-antidepressant interactions. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic (PK) effects of four herbal medicines (Gami-soyosan, Banhasasim-tang, Ojeok-san, and Bojungikgi-tang) on escitalopram, a commonly used antidepressant.

The Association between Serum Lipid Levels and Tinnitus Prevalence and Severity in Korean Elderly: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the association between serum lipid level and tinnitus risk in Korean older adults.

Materials And Methods: This study used data from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall, 6021 subjects aged ≥60 years were included.

The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extract.

Hallier f. (MU) has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat burns and scales. However, the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of this plant have not been elucidated.

Magnitude and Duration of Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers Induced by a Third mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron BA.1 in Older Individuals.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.

Clinical outcomes of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 patients treated with Regdanvimab in delta-variant outbreak: Retrospective cohort study.

Regdanvimab is a novel neutralizing antibody agent used for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effectiveness of regdanvimab in delta-variant patients has rarely been investigated. We examined the clinical outcomes and adverse events in COVID 19 patients treated with regdanvimab in the delta-variant era.

Application of Milk Exosomes for Musculoskeletal Health: Talking Points in Recent Outcomes.

Milk is a nutrient-rich food source, and among the various milks, breast milk is a nutrient source provided by mothers to newborns in many mammals. Exosomes are nano-sized membranous extracellular vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes originate from endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk.

QTLs and Candidate Genes for Seed Protein Content in Two Recombinant Inbred Line Populations of Soybean.

This study aimed to discover the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with a high seed protein content in soybean and unravel the potential candidate genes. We developed two recombinant inbred line populations: YS and SI, by crossing Saedanbaek (high protein) with YS2035-B-91-1-B-1 (low protein) and Saedanbaek with Ilmi (low protein), respectively, and evaluated the protein content for three consecutive years. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-marker-based linkage maps, four QTLs were located on chromosomes 15, 18, and 20 with high logarithm of odds values (5.

Effects of Bunge Extract on Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in High-Fat Diet-Fed and Bisphenol A-Treated C57BL/6N Mice.

The simultaneous exposure to a high-fat (HF) diet and to bisphenol A (BPA) from delivered foods and food-delivery containers is on the rise in humans, according to the increased frequency of food delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. This co-exposure could cause harmful tissue toxicity in the human body. Here, the preventive effect of Bunge (AM) extract against dysfunction in adipose tissue and the liver under co-exposure to BPA and an HF diet was examined using mice.

Protective Role of Ethanol Extract of (Cibotium Rhizome) against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes.

Sarcopenia is a progressive muscle disease characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, function, and physical performance. Since the disease code was assigned, attention has been focused on natural products that can protect against muscle atrophy. (Cibotium Rhizome) has been used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of bone or joint diseases in Asian countries.

Amber-codon suppression for spatial localization and in vivo photoaffinity capture of the interactome of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa rare lipoprotein A lytic transglycosylase.

The 11 lytic transglycosylases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have overlapping activities in the turnover of the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Rare lipoprotein A (RlpA) is distinct among the 11 by its use of only peptidoglycan lacking peptide stems. The spatial localization of RlpA and its interactome within P.