The up-regulation of PTBP1 expression level in patients with Insomnia by senile dementia and promote cuproptosis of nerve cell by SLC31A1.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), often referred to as the modern-day scourge, stands as a significant health challenge characterized by high rates of disability and mortality, particularly among the geriatric population. Thus, the present study investigated the precise details of PTBP1 involvement in cuproptosis of nerve cell of patients with Insomnia by senile dementia (ISD). Patients with ISD, early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and Normal healthy volunteers were obtained.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the immune mechanisms by which tonsillectomy improves clinical outcomes of recurrent Immuoglobulin A nephropathy after kidney transplant.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy recurrence (IgANR) is a major cause of graft function loss in renal transplant patients with IgA nephropathy. Tonsillectomy has been recognized as an effective treatment for IgANR, but the cellular and molecular effects underlying its efficacy remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify the cell types and gene expression profiles in tonsillar tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to investigate the effectiveness of tonsillectomy in IgANR treatment.

Titanium nitride meta-biosensors targeting extracellular vesicles for high-sensitivity prostate cancer detection.

Disposable plasmonic metasurfaces with high biosensing performance are urgently sought for clinical label-free detection. Low-cost aluminum (Al) and titanium nitride (TiN) offer promising alternatives to noble metals for constructing these metasurfaces. However, Al suffers from limited chemical stability, and TiN exhibits weak plasmonic effects, both of which hinder their application in meta-biosensing.

Pregnancy-induced changes in the toll-like receptor pathway in the ovine duodenum.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling plays a key role in the intestinal innate and adaptive immune responses, and pregnancy has effects on intestinal length and villus height. Nevertheless, it is unclear if early pregnancy modulates the expression of TLR members in the duodenum of ewes. In this study, ovine duodenums were obtained at day 16 of the estrous cycle (N16), and days 13, 16, and 25 of gestation (P13, P16, and P25) from ewes, and mRNA and protein expression of TLR members were analyzed.

Divergence in the effects of sugar feedback regulation on the major gene regulatory network and metabolism of photosynthesis in leaves between the two founding Saccharum species.

Sugarcane is a crop that accumulates sucrose with high photosynthesis efficiency. Therefore, the feedback regulation of sucrose on photosynthesis is crucial for improving sugarcane yield. Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum are the two founding Saccharum species for modern sugarcane hybrids.

Modeling conditional distributions of neural and behavioral data with masked variational autoencoders.

Extracting the relationship between high-dimensional neural recordings and complex behavior is a ubiquitous problem in neuroscience. Encoding and decoding models target the conditional distribution of neural activity given behavior and vice versa, while dimensionality reduction techniques extract low-dimensional representations thereof. Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are flexible tools for inferring such low-dimensional embeddings but struggle to accurately model arbitrary conditional distributions such as those arising in neural encoding and decoding, let alone simultaneously.

Cavity oscillation drives pattern formation in early mammalian embryos.

During the second cell fate in mouse embryos, the inner cell mass (ICM) segregates into the spatially distinct epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE) layers. The mechanism driving this pattern formation, however, remains unresolved. Here, we report that, concomitant with the segregation process of EPI/PrE precursors starting from mid-blastocyst, the blastocyst cavity begins to oscillate cyclically with rapid contraction yet slow expansion, triggering a phase transition in the ICM to a fluid-like state.

Colon-Targeted Hydrogel Microsphere System Encapsulating Oleic Acid-Emodin for Crohn's Disease Treatment via Ferroptosis Inhibition.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a relapsing, systemic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract and is often accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations and associated immune disorders. However, current pharmacological treatments for CD encounter several challenges, such as a lack of precise drug targeting and inadequate retention of drugs in the inflamed colon, along with low bioavailability. Herein, we utilized oleic acid (OA) as a solvent to enhance the bioavailability and solubility of emodin.

Opportunistic muscle density assay during CT lung cancer screening for low muscle quality evaluation in older adults: a multicenter study.

Background: Intramuscular adiposity, which can be reflected by muscle computed tomography (CT) attenuation, may be a marker of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate muscle attenuation across the life course and thresholds of muscle attenuation for evaluating low muscle quality in older adults.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 9701 subjects aged 20 years and older who underwent CT lung cancer screening from 2019 to 2021 at our institutions in cohort 1.

Indole-3-carbinol prevented tumor progression and potentiated PD1ab therapy by upregulating PTEN in colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide, posing a significant threat to human health. Most patients with CRC are refractory to existing treatment regimens, such as immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs), yielding unsatisfactory outcomes. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of a natural product, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), in CRC pathogenesis and immunotherapy.

Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in recurrent HCC after repeat hepatectomy or salvage liver transplantation.

Backgrounds And Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer, characterized by a high rate of recurrence. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of repeat hepatectomy (RH) and salvage liver transplantation (sLT) for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) and explores the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Methods: In this study, consecutive patients receiving RH (n = 637) or sLT (n = 53) for rHCC within the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Criteria were recruited.

CYP75B4-Mediated Tricin and Lignin Accumulation Improve Salt Tolerance in Rice.

Salt stress limits plant growth and agricultural productivity and plants have evolved suitable mechanisms to adapt to salinity environments. It is important to characterize genes involved in plant salt tolerance, which will advance our understanding of mechanisms mediating salt tolerance and help researchers design ways to improve crop performances under high salinity environments. Here, we reported a CYP450 family member, CYP75B4, improves salt tolerance of rice seedlings by inducing flavonoid tricin and cell wall lignin accumulation.

Semaphorin 3A on Osteoporosis: An Overreview of the Literature.

Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a signaling protein that has attracted increasing attention in recent years for its important role in regulating bone metabolism. In this review, we searched different databases with various combinations of keywords to analyze the effects of Sema3A on osteoporosis. Sema3A promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption by directly affecting the osteoblast and osteoclast or indirectly targeting the nervous system.

CD13 as a potential theranostic target for prostate-specific membrane antigen-negative prostate cancer and first-in-human study of [F]AlF-CD13-L1 PET/CT imaging.

Purpose: Approximately 10% of prostate cancer (PCa) are prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-negative, leading to blind spots in PSMA-based diagnosis. This study aimed to identify a potential target for PSMA-negative PCa and preliminarily evaluate the feasibility of using radionuclide probe targeting the identified target for PCa diagnosis.

Methods: Quantitative protein analysis was performed on eight PSMA-negative PCa and eleven controls to identify a potential molecular target, followed by validation with an expanded cohort using immunohistochemistry.

The inhibition of ZC3H13 attenuates G2/M arrest and apoptosis by alleviating NABP1 m6A modification in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome caused by various etiologies and causes a rapid decline in renal function in a short period of time. The most common internal modification of mRNAs is the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which is important for controlling gene expressions. However, the role of m6A modification in AKI is largely unknown.

STM2457 impairs the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating DNA damage response through ATM-Chk2 axis.

METTL3 has been proven to play an important role in the proliferation of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we focused on investigating the therapeutic role and molecular mechanism of STM2457 in ESCC, which is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of METTL3. The effect of STM2457 on ESCC was evaluated using ESCC cell lines by the cell viability measurement, cloning formation assay, scratching assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry techniques.

Polyamine depletion limits progression of acute leukaemia.

Cancer cells are addicted to polyamines, polycations essential for cellular function. While dual targeting of cellular polyamine biosynthesis and polyamine uptake is under clinical investigation in solid cancers, preclinical and clinical studies into its potential in haematological malignancies are lacking. Here we investigated the preclinical efficacy of polyamine depletion in acute leukaemia.

(Apo)Lipoprotein Profiling with Multi-Omics Analysis Identified Medium-HDL-Targeting PSRC1 with Therapeutic Potential for Coronary Artery Disease.

Identification of (apo)lipoprotein subclasses causally underpinning atherosclerosis may lead to identification of novel drug targets for treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this study, observational and genetic associations between (apo)lipoprotein profile and carotid intima-media thickness-assessed atherosclerosis, and risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS) are assessed, using data from the UK Biobank study, with further exploration of potential drug target for these two ASCVD subtypes through multi-omics analysis integrating genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. Cholesteryl ester content in medium high-density lipoprotein causally protective of atherosclerosis is identified, plus a target gene, PSRC1, with therapeutic potential for CAD, but not IS, supported by consistent evidence from multi-omics layers of data, which also reveals that such therapeutic potential may be through downregulation of circulating proteins including TRP1, GRNs, and Pla2g12b, and upregulation of Neo1.

UFMylation of NLRP3 Prevents Its Autophagic Degradation and Facilitates Inflammasome Activation.

NLRP3 (NOD, LRR and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome is important for host defense against infections and maintaining homeostasis. Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is closely related to various inflammatory diseases. Post-translational modifications are critical for NLRP3 inflammasome regulation.

Anti-Motion Artifacts Iontronic Sensor for Long-Term Accurate Fingertip Pulse Monitoring.

Flexible pressure sensors have gained attention for their comfort, portability, and potential in long-term pulse monitoring and early cardiovascular disease diagnosis. However, stretching stress during daily activities affects sensor accuracy, causing motion artifacts (MAs) that hinder precise pulse signal detection. To address this challenge, the anti-motion artifact iontronic pressure sensor (S-smooth sensor), featuring a soft-hard stretchable interface with energy dissipation properties is developed.

Achieving High-Performance Organic Long Persistent Luminescence Materials via Manipulation of Radical Cation Stability.

Organic long persistent luminescence (OLPL) materials, with their hour-long afterglow, hold great promise across numerous applications, yet their performance lags behind that of inorganic counterparts. A deeper understanding of the underlying photophysical mechanisms, particularly the effective control of radical intermediates, is essential for developing high-performance OLPL materials; while systematic studies on the intrinsic stability of radical intermediates and their impact on OLPL performance remain scarce. Here biphenyl groups is introduced into a luminophore-matrix-donor three-component OLPL system.

Biomimetic Nanoplatform for Targeted Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy: Modulating Macrophage Niches Through Self-Sustaining Positive Feedback-Driven Drug Release Mechanisms.

The core strategies in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) now focus on ameliorating the inflammatory microenvironment and reversing macrophage phenotypes within the joint cavity. This study introduces a co-delivery system of integrating nanoenzymes and gene therapeutics sequentially modified with guanidinium-based polymers and macrophage membranes to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects. This co-delivery system is named MACP siTNF-α nanoparticles (NPs).

6H-Intermediate Phase Enabled Slow Crystal Growth of Tin Halide Perovskites for Indoor Photovoltaics.

The rapid expansion of Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT) has driven significant advancements in indoor photovoltaics (IPVs), which provide power to wireless IoT devices. Tin halide perovskites (THPs) have garnered significant attention for IPVs due to their excellent optoelectronic properties without the environmental risks of lead exposure. However, THPs face challenges in controlling their fast crystallization process.

Modulating Adsorption Behavior by Single-site Pt on RuO for Efficient Electrosynthesis of Glycolic Acid from Plastic Wastes.

Electrochemical upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes into valuable glycolic acid (GA) is an ideal solution for resource utilization. However, simultaneously achieving high activity and selectivity remains challenging due to the over-oxidation and C-C cleavage during ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation in PET hydrolysate. Herein, we develop an atomically isolated Pt on RuO (Pt/RuO) catalyst composed of high-density Pt-Ru interfaces that ensure single-site adsorption of EG, enrich surface *OH coverage and weaken *CO-CHOH intermediate adsorption, thereby synergistically promoting GA generation.