Adeno-associated viral delivery of Env-specific antibodies prevents SIV rebound after discontinuing antiretroviral therapy.

An alternative to lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) is needed to achieve durable control of HIV-1. Here, we show that adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery of two rhesus macaque antibodies to the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope glycoprotein (Env) with potent neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity can prevent viral rebound in macaques infected with barcoded SIV239M after discontinuing suppressive ART. After AAV administration, sustained antibody expression with minimal antidrug antibody responses was achieved in all but one animal.

Mpox Prevention Self-Efficacy and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Large Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Self-efficacy in mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) prevention plays a pivotal role in promoting preventive behaviors by fostering a sense of control and motivation, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM), the population most affected by mpox in many countries.

Objective: This study aims to assess the mpox prevention self-efficacy among MSM in China and identify factors influencing it, using a validated mpox prevention self-efficacy scale.

Methods: From October 2023 to March 2024, a nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM (aged ≥18 years) across 6 geographic regions in China using a snowball sampling method.

Enhancement of responsivity and a self-powered on-chip LNOI integrated BiTe photodetector array.

The topological insulator BiTe possesses an extraordinary optoelectronic property for wide-band optoelectronics device applications. In this study, we demonstrate a high-responsivity and self-powered on-chip lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguide-integrated BiTe photodetector array operating at 1550 nm. Enhancement of responsivity is attributed to the decreased BiTe/Au contact resistance, which is facilitated by electrothermal annealing.

Joint probabilistic shaping and pre-equalization for hollow-core fiber transmission using end-to-end learning.

In this Letter, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, end-to-end (E2E) learning scheme leveraging a time-frequency decoupling network (TFDnet) for joint probabilistic shaping (PS) and pre-equalization in hollow-core fiber (HCF)-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. The TFDnet emulator effectively models HCF transmission channels by decoupling signal impairments into high-frequency, linear, and nonlinear distortions. Furthermore, a TFDnet emulator-based E2E strategy for joint PS and pre-equalization is presented with the aim of compensating the signal impairment for the HCF-based WDM systems.

Miniaturized fiber optic accelerometer incorporating liquid metal as the proof mass: publisher's note.

This publisher's note contains a correction to Opt. Lett.50, 241 (2025)10.

Extrinsic chiral plasmonic sensors based on a nanohole array.

Determining the stereochemical structures of biomolecules is very important for biomedicine, bioscience, and food safety due to the distinct biological functions of enantiomers. Chiral plasmonic sensors (CPSs) have demonstrated their ultra-sensitive detection ability to a few picogram levels due to the excited superchiral electromagnetic field near metasurfaces, which can greatly enhance the interaction between lights and chiral biomolecules. However, the reported CPSs usually rely on the intrinsic chiroptical effects that require at least two samples to determine the molecular structures, which decrease the detection precision and improve the detection cost.

Evolution of high-order laser array locking in high peak power fiber lasers.

Achieving stable output and control of higher-order laser arrays has long been a challenge in the development of a passively Q-switched fiber laser. In this Letter, we reported a notable peak power of 14.9 kW alongside an average output power of 0.

Secure space division multiplexing system based on multi-channel chaos random encryption with synchronized Fabry-Perot lasers.

Chaotic optical communication has recently garnered considerable research interest for providing physical layer security. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a secure space-division-multiplexing (SDM) system based on multi-channel chaos random en/decryption with remotely synchronized Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers. By a random combination of multi-longitudinal modes from the FP lasers, multi-channel low-correlated chaotic signals can be produced and then utilized for encrypting the confidential data, which effectively provides multiple possibilities of optical encryption from a single chaotic laser source.

Photoacoustic Imaging in Inflammatory Orthopedic Diseases: Progress toward Precise Diagnostics and Predictive Regulation.

With the intensification of aging issues, inflammatory orthopedic diseases almost occur in the majority of elderly people, which is becoming increasingly severe. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a non-invasive visualization technique for a clear diagnosis of the inflammation areas through detecting acoustic signals generated by the laser irradiation. The combination of "light input" and "acoustic output" provides unprecedented scalability as well as high penetration depth and resolution.

Modular Microfluidic Sensor Integrating Nucleic Acid Extraction, CRISPR/Cas13a, and Electrochemiluminescence for Multichannel RNA Detection.

Rapid and accurate screening of pathogens is crucial for disease detection. Here, a modular microfluidic sensor has been constructed for RNA detection, with integrated nucleic acid extraction, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas13a reaction, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection. The sensor consists of nucleic acid processing and detection modules.

Design of Ultra-Stable Solid Amine Adsorbents and Mechanisms of Hydroxyl Group-Dependent Deactivation for Reversible CO Capture from Flue Gas.

Although supported solid amine adsorbents have attracted great attention for CO capture, critical chemical deactivation problems including oxidative degradation and urea formation have severely restricted their practical applications for flue gas CO capture. In this work, we reveal that the nature of surface hydroxyl groups (metal hydroxyl Al-OH and nonmetal hydroxyl Si-OH) plays a key role in the deactivation mechanisms. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) supported on Al-OH-containing substrates suffers from severe oxidative degradation during the CO capture step due to the breakage of amine-support hydrogen bonding networks, but exhibits an excellent anti-urea formation feature by preventing dehydration of carbamate products under a pure CO regeneration atmosphere.

Immunomodulatory effects of traditional chinese medicine on cancer: insights from network pharmacology and single-cell RNA sequencing data on the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma with shenling baizhu powder.

Shenling Baizhu Powder (SLBZP), commonly used as a complementary and alternative therapy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is believed to enhance patients' immune function. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. By integrating network pharmacology and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, the study investigates the immune therapeutic effects of SLBZP in LUAD.

Anchorage loss in maxillary premolar and anterior teeth during maxillary molar distalization in clear aligner treatment.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the anchorage loss in the premolars and anterior teeth during maxillary molar distalization using clear aligners combined with miniscrews, provided that no virtual movement was designed for these teeth.

Methods: A total of 38 maxillary quadrants of 21 participants were analyzed. Digital models were gathered before and after the designed initial movement of the premolars and anterior teeth and superimposed using the palatal rugae area.

Accelerating Charge Transfer in Supercapacitor Electrodes through Built-In Electric Fields.

The commercial development of supercapacitors (SCs) heavily depends on a stable electrochemical performance with a long life span. However, insufficient charge transfer within the SC electrodes is a major challenge. This paper introduces an interface engineering strategy to enhance charge transfer by creating a built-in electric field (BIEF) at the interface of MXene electrode material.

Morphology Effect of Puffball Spores on Hemostasis: A Promising Solution for Hemostatic Challenges.

Hemostatic materials play a crucial role in wound healing by promoting blood concentration or releasing procoagulant factors. While hydrophilic hemostatic materials are effective, they may cause excessive blood loss and difficulty removing from the wound. Conversely, hydrophobic hemostatic materials avoid these issues but may hinder blood concentration and the release of procoagulant factors due to their water-repellent nature.

pyOpenMS-viz: Streamlining Mass Spectrometry Data Visualization with pandas.

Mass spectrometry data visualization is essential for a wide range of applications, such as validation of workflows and results, benchmarking new algorithms, and creating comprehensive quality control reports. Python offers a popular and powerful framework for analyzing and visualizing multidimensional data; however, generating commonly used mass spectrometry plots in Python can be cumbersome. Here we present pyOpenMS-viz, a versatile, unified framework for generating mass spectrometry plots.

Lewis-Acid-Catalyzed Diastereoselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinyldiazo Compounds with -Acyliminium Cations.

An FeCl-catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of vinyldiazo compounds with -acyliminium cations generated from 3-hydroxyisoindolinones is described. A series of diazo-containing isoindolo[2,1-]quinolinones were constructed in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities, including those with three contiguous stereogenic centers. The resultant products were readily converted into various isoindolo[2,1-]quinolinone derivatives based on the rich chemistry of the remaining diazo functionality.

Parallel Multicoordinate Descent Methods for Full Configuration Interaction.

We develop a multithreaded parallel coordinate descent full configuration interaction algorithm (mCDFCI) for the electronic structure ground-state calculation in the configuration interaction framework. The FCI problem is reformulated as an unconstrained minimization problem and tackled by a modified block coordinate descent method with a deterministic compression strategy. mCDFCI is designed to prioritize determinants based on their importance, with block updates enabling efficient parallelization on shared-memory, multicore computing infrastructure.

Examining the indirect effect of urban park size on community mental health via neighborhood crime risk in Alabama.

This study investigated the relationship between urban park size and community mental health, focusing on neighborhood crime risk as a mediator. Data were collected for 989 urban parks in Alabama, USA, from the Trust for Public Land's ParkServe database and relevant Alabama cities' Parks and Recreation Department websites. Park size was measured using Geographic Information Systems.

Irradiation alters the structure and reduces the sensitization of sesame proteins in the liquid state.

Irradiation is extensively utilized in food processing as an effective and convenient method. At present, numerous studies have investigated the potential of irradiation to reduce food allergenicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of irradiation treatment on the structure and allergenicity of liquid and solid sesame proteins.

Enhancing the Accuracy of Identification and Relative Quantification of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Serum via a Stable Isotope-Labeled Double Derivatization Strategy.

Accurate identification and quantification of fatty acids are critical for investigating their biological function in disease models. Although several derivatization methods have been proposed for identifying the positions of C═C bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, poor ionization efficiency of the carboxyl group leads to lower intensity of molecular ion peaks, making their identification difficult and interfering with the accuracy of quantification based on peak areas of characteristic ion pairs. In this study, a strategy of stable isotope-labeled carboxyl derivatization combined with C═C derivatization was employed for simultaneously the identification and quantification of fatty acids using /-5-amino-,,-trimethylpentane-1-ammonium iodide (/-ATPAI) to label the carboxyl group and -chloroperoxybenzoic acid to label C═C bonds.

Photothermocatalytic Wet Reforming of Waste Plastics to Syngas.

The increasing accumulation of plastic waste in the environment poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and health sector, urging us to develop sustainable strategies to tackle this issue. Converting plastic waste into platform chemicals using sustainable energy and primary resources can mitigate environmental pollution and reduce CO emissions. In this study, polyolefins were transformed into syngas through a wet reforming process over a nickel-supported oxygen vacancy-rich titanium dioxide (Ni/TiO) catalyst with water as the reactant under light irradiation.

Functionalized ZIF-8 as a versatile platform for drug delivery and cancer therapy: strategies, challenges and prospects.

This review discusses the functionalization strategies of ZIF-8 and challenges and future developments in ZIF-8-based platforms for drug delivery and cancer therapy. We systematically evaluate a series of innovative ZIF-8 functionalization methods, including atomic doping, introduction of targeting molecules, and biomimetic mineralization technology, to achieve precise drug release. These functionalization strategies significantly enhance the targeted delivery and controlled release properties of ZIF-8, broaden the diversity of drug delivery systems, maximize therapeutic effects, and minimize systemic toxicity.

A retrospective study of risk factors for thrombosis in patients with ITP.

Objectives: ITP is not only a bleeding disease but also a potential thrombotic disease.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the factors associated with the occurrence of thrombosis events in ITP patients.

Results: The overall incidence of thrombosis was 4.

Dietary methionine restriction restores wheat gluten-induced celiac-associated small intestine damage in association with affecting butyric acid production by intestinal flora.

Methionine restriction has received some attention in recent years as a novel mode of dietary intervention. Our previous study found that methionine restriction could inhibit the celiac toxic effects of wheat gluten in an model. However, the role of methionine restriction in gluten-induced celiac intestinal damage remains unclear.