Molecular regulatory mechanisms of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder to improve muscle development and meat quality in Angus calves.

Objective: Supplementing animal feed with Allium mongolicum Regel powder (AMRP) additives can promote muscle production and improve meat quality. Here, we explored the effects of dietary AMRP supplementation on the performance, meat quality, and muscle transcriptome profile of Angus calves.

Methods: Twelve healthy black Angus calves (female, average body weight = 280.

The Nuclear Effector MiISE23 From Meloidogyne incognita Targets JAZ Proteins and Suppresses Jasmonate Signalling, Increasing Host Susceptibility.

Meloidogyne incognita is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode that can infect thousands of different plant species. During its interaction with host plants, M. incognita synthesises numerous effectors in oesophageal glands, which are then secreted into plant tissues.

The characterization of technical design of a virus-like structure (VLS) nanodelivery system as vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the continuous appearance of viral variants and their pandemics and has improved the development of vaccines with a broad spectrum of antigens to curb the spread of the virus. The work described here suggested a novel vaccine with a virus-like structure (VLS) composed of combined mRNA and protein that is capable of stimulating the immune system in a manner similar to that of viral infection. This VLS vaccine is characterized by its ability to specifically target dendritic cells and/or macrophages through S1 protein recognition of the DC-SIGN receptor in cells, which leads to direct mRNA delivery to these innate immune cells for activation of robust immunity with a broad spectrum of neutralizing antibodies and immune protective capacity against variants.

Deciphering the Pharmacological Mechanism of Compound Purpura Decoction in Treating Henoch-Schonlein Purpura by Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is an immunoglobulin A (IgA)-mediated systemic vasculitis that frequently develops in children. Compound purpura decoction (CPD), a classical herbal combination, exerts favourable effects on the clinical symptoms and prognosis of HSP; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Firstly, HPLC analysis identified five bioactive components in CPD, including protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, mangiferin, baicalin, and buddleoside, with concentrations of 0.

Impact of an upper limb motion-driven virtual rehabilitation system on residual motor function in patients with complete spinal cord injury： a pilot study.

Background: Assessing residual motor function in motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients using surface electromyography (sEMG) is clinically important. Due to the prolonged loss of motor control and peripheral sensory input, patients may struggle to effectively activate residual motor function during sEMG assessments. The study proposes using virtual reality (VR) technology to enhance embodiment, motor imagery (MI), and memory, aiming to improve the activation of residual motor function and increase the sensitivity of sEMG assessments.

Exploring a recurrence model for atypical meningioma based on multiparametric MRI radiomic and clinical characteristics: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Atypical meningioma (AM) has a high recurrence rate. This study explored the factors associated with recurrence and built a predictive model for AM by combining radiomic and clinical features.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 451 adult AM patients who underwent surgical treatment at three institutions between May 2012 and April 2024.

Higher triglyceride-glucose index is associated with severe proteinuria and decreased renal function in patients with primary membranous nephropathy.

Background: In recent years, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to investigate the association between the TyG index and severe proteinuria or decreased renal function in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN).

Methods: We consecutively enrolled 536 patients with PMN hospitalized at Peking University Third Hospital from January, 2014 to December, 2023.

Effect of intravenous esketamine on postoperative sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The population of elderly individuals undergoing surgical procedures is increasing, necessitating effective postoperative management strategies. Postoperative sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression are significant contributors to overall recovery in this demographic, especially following laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Methods: This study included 200 records of elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

High-Performance Planar Thin-Film Thermoelectric Cooler Based on Sputtered Nanocrystalline BiTe/BiSbTe Thin Films for On-Chip Cooling.

The development of high-performance thin-film thermoelectric coolers (TFTECs) that are compatible with standard integrated circuit processes and can reduce power consumption is critical to achieving large-scale applications. In this work, we fabricate a planar TFTEC based on nanocrystalline p-type BiSbTe and n-type BiTe thin films using magnetron sputtering, standard lithography, and postannealing processes. The power factors of the BiSbTe and BiTe thin films reach 3.

Origin and de novo domestication of sweet orange.

Sweet orange is cultivated worldwide but suffers from various devastating diseases because of its monogenetic background. The elucidation of the origin of a crop facilitates the domestication of new crops that may better cope with new challenges. Here we collected and sequenced 226 citrus accessions and assembled telomere-to-telomere phased diploid genomes of sweet orange and sour orange.

Development of a fully automated latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric method for quantitative serum Lp(a) measurement.

Background: Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a critical factor in cardiovascular health, composed of low-density lipoprotein-like particles bound to apolipoprotein (a). Elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), accelerating disease progression and raising CVD-related mortality. However, the lack of standardized measurement methods for Lp(a) contributes to diagnostic uncertainties in this area.

A mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOMM20 maintains protein stability of androgen receptor and regulates AR transcriptional activity in prostate cancer cells.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is an androgen-dependent malignancy, with HSP90 and HSP70 serving as classical molecular chaperones that maintain androgen receptor (AR) protein stability and regulate its transcriptional activation. Surprisingly, our study identified TOMM20, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, as a potential molecular chaperone with similar roles to HSP90/HSP70. We found that TOMM20 expression is elevated in PCa tissues and cell lines and positively correlates with AR levels.

Surfactant-induced hole concentration enhancement for highly efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes.

It is widely acknowledged that constructing small injection barriers for balanced electron and hole injections is essential for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, in highly efficient LEDs based on metal halide perovskites, a seemingly large hole injection barrier is usually observed. Here we rationalize this high efficiency through a surfactant-induced effect where the hole concentration at the perovskite surface is enhanced to enable sufficient bimolecular recombination pathways with injected electrons.

Complexity of leaf trait covariation for mangrove species.

The leaf economics spectrum (LES) has been proposed as a framework for understanding leaf resource-investment and plant growth strategies, but it is scarcely examined in mangrove communities. This study investigates LES patterns in mangrove communities to examine whether the trait coordination spectrum, if it exists, is associated with plant growth strategies. By conducting a comprehensive sampling across a wide range of mangrove species in China, we confirmed the presence of LES across mangrove species, and found that true mangroves generally exhibit a more conservative strategy characterized by higher leaf mass per area (LMA) and lower leaf nutrient concentrations compared to mangrove associates.

Chanoclavine synthase operates by an NADPH-independent superoxide mechanism.

More than ten ergot alkaloids comprising both natural and semi-synthetic products are used to treat various diseases. The central C ring forms the core pharmacophore for ergot alkaloids, giving them structural similarity to neurotransmitters, thus enabling their modulation of neurotransmitter receptors. The haem catalase chanoclavine synthase (EasC) catalyses the construction of this ring through complex radical oxidative cyclization.

Deep mutational learning for the selection of therapeutic antibodies resistant to the evolution of Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Most antibodies for treating COVID-19 rely on binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). However, Omicron and its sub-lineages, as well as other heavily mutated variants, have rendered many neutralizing antibodies ineffective. Here we show that antibodies with enhanced resistance to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 can be identified via deep mutational learning.

Microbiota-derived HS induces c-kit cDC1 autophagic cell death and liver inflammation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Immune dysregulation-induced inflammation serves as a driving force in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), while the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely uncharted. A Western diet (WD) is employed to construct mouse models of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or MASH. Mass cytometry identifies a c-kit cDC1 subset whose frequency is reduced in the livers of mice and patients with MASH compared with healthy controls.

Evolution of irreversible differentiation under stage-dependent cell differentiation.

The specialization of cells is a hallmark of complex multicellularity. Cell differentiation enables the emergence of specialized cell types that carry out separate functions previously executed by a multifunctional ancestor cell. One view about the origin of cell differentiation is that it first occurred randomly in genetically identical cells exposed to the same life history environment.

Long term gait postural characteristics of children with general foot pain using smartphone connected wearable sensors.

Whether children's general foot pain related to specific foot posture remains unknown. The aim of the study was to determine long-term dynamic foot posture characteristics in children with general foot pain using smartphone-connected wearable sensors. Over a 30-day period, 94 children (37 girls and 57 boys, mean age 9.

Integrating transcriptomic data with a novel drug efficacy prediction model for TCM active compound discovery.

Identifying the active natural compounds remains a challenge for drug discovery, and new algorithms need to be developed to predict active ingredients from complex natural products. Here, we proposed Meta-DEP, a Meta-paths-based Drug Efficacy Prediction based on drug-protein-disease heterogeneity network, where Meta-paths contain all the shortest paths between drug targets and disease-related proteins in the network and drug efficacy is measured by a predictive score according to drug disease network proximity. Experiments show that Meta-DEP performs better than traditional network topology analysis on drug-disease interaction prediction task.

Pathogenic germline variants in Chinese pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients.

Putting pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) screening into perspective for high-risk individuals could significantly reduce cancer morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have profiled somatic mutations in PAAD. In contrast, the prevalence of mutations in PAAD predisposition genes has not been defined, especially in the Asian population.

p53 enhances DNA repair and suppresses cytoplasmic chromatin fragments and inflammation in senescent cells.

Genomic instability and inflammation are distinct hallmarks of aging, but the connection between them is poorly understood. Here we report a mechanism directly linking genomic instability and inflammation in senescent cells through a mitochondria-regulated molecular circuit involving p53 and cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCF) that are enriched for DNA damage signaling marker γH2A.X.

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) controls the stemness and cellular energetics of prostate cancer cells via its direct regulation of citrate metabolism and zinc transportation.

Compared to most tumors that are more glycolytic, primary prostate cancer is less glycolytic but more dependent on TCA cycle coupled with OXPHOS for its energy demand. This unique metabolic energetic feature is attributed to activation of mitochondrial m-aconitase in TCA caused by decreased cellular Zn level. Evidence suggests that a small subpopulation of cancer cells within prostate tumors, designated as prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), play significant roles in advanced prostate cancer progression.