Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 infections induce ER stress-mediated autophagy to facilitate virus replication.

Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (BPIV3) serves as a crucial pathogen in cattle, adept at triggering severe respiratory symptoms. This investigation explores the intricate interplay of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), unfolded protein response (UPR), and autophagy upon BPIV3 infection. In this study, we initially confirm a substantial increase in glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) expression, accompanied by noticeable morphological changes and significant expansion of the ER lumen observed through transmission electron microscopy upon BPIV3 infection.

Bone impairment caused by AlCl is associated with activation of the JNK apoptotic pathway mediated by oxidative stress.

Exposure to aluminum (Al) inhibits bone formation, the principal mechanism possibly due to oxidative stress. However, little data is available that establishes the precise relationship. In this study, Wistar rats were exposed to 0 (GC), 0.

Effects of Corticosterone on Immune Functions of Cultured Rat Splenic Lymphocytes Exposed to Aluminum Trichloride.

Aluminum (Al) exposure is toxic to immune system. Studies have implicated that glucocorticoids (GCs) exert the dual regulation effect on the immune function depending on the concentration. However, it is unknown whether a dual effect of GCs exists in the AlCl3-treated lymphocytes.

Aluminum Trichloride Disorders Bile Acid Secretion and Induces Hepatocyte Apoptosis in Rats.

The aim of this study was to examine effects of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) on the bile acid secretion and hepatocyte apoptosis in rats. Forty male Wistar rats (5 weeks old) weighed 110-120 g were orally exposed to AlCl3 at doses of 0, 64.18 (1/20LD50), 128.

Effects of Al on the splenic immune function and NE in rats.

Norepinephrine (NE) regulates the splenic immune function and it may be related to the effects of Aluminum (Al) on the splenic immune function. Here, the aim of this study was to further explore the effects of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) on the splenic immune function and its relationship with NE. Forty male Wistar rats were orally exposed to AlCl3 (0, 64.

Effects of norepinephrine on immune functions of cultured splenic lymphocytes exposed to aluminum trichloride.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on spleen lymphocytes exposed to aluminum trichloride (AlCl3). In this experiment, lymphocytes were isolated from spleens of healthy Wistar rats weighing about 130 g and cultured with RPMI-1640 medium containing the final concentration of 0.552 mmol/L AlCl3.

Aluminum induces osteoblast apoptosis through the oxidative stress-mediated JNK signaling pathway.

Aluminum (Al) is considered to be a potentially toxic metal. Al exposure inhibits bone formation. Few studies have investigated the mechanism of inhibitory effects of Al on bone formation.