Cost-effectiveness and return on investment of hepatitis C virus elimination in China: A modelling study.

Background: The WHO set the goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030, with 80% and 65% reductions in HCV incidence and mortality rates, respectively. We aimed to evaluate the health benefits, cost-effectiveness and return on investment (ROI) of HCV elimination.

Methods: Using an HCV transmission compartmental model, we evaluated the benefits and costs of different strategies combining screening and treatment for Chinese populations.

Economic Evaluation of Adding Daratumumab to Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of adding daratumumab to carfilzomib and dexamethasone (KdD) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).

Materials And Methods: A Markov model was established to estimate health and economic outcomes of carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd) with or without daratumumab for RRMM patients over a lifetime horizon. The patients and intervention of the two arms were modeled according to the CANDOR trial.

Evaluating nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin's cost-effectiveness for aUC in China.

Aims: Assessing the cost-effectiveness of Nivolumab with Gemcitabine-Cisplatin for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma (aUC) treatment from the perspective of Chinese payers.

Methods: A Markov model assessed economic outcomes, estimating health outcomes in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of uncertainties on the results.

Cost-effectiveness of first-line enfortumab vedotin in addition to pembrolizumab for metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the United States.

Background And Objective: The EV-302 trial found that the combination of enfortumab vedotin (EV) with pembrolizumab significantly improved survival for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, given the high cost of the drugs, there is a need to assess its value by considering both efficacy and cost. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of EV plus pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment for patients with mUC from the perspective of U.

Effects and Costs of Hepatitis C Virus Elimination for the Whole Population in China: A Modelling Study.

Background And Objective: China has the highest number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the world. However, it is unclear what levels of screening and treatment are needed to achieve the WHO 2030 hepatitis C elimination targets. We aimed to evaluate the impact of scaling up interventions on the hepatitis C epidemic and determine how and at what cost these elimination targets could be achieved for the whole population in China.

Cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Recently, the IMmotion151 trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and found that this combination led to longer progression-free survival. However, no studies have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

Methods: We constructed a Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, using costs and utilities from the published studies.

First-line treatments for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy: a China-based cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of imported immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as atezolizumab and durvalumab, and domestic ICIs like serplulimab and adebrelimab, in combination with chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in China.

Methods: Using a 21-day cycle length and a 20-year time horizon, a Markov model was established to compare the clinical and economic outcomes of five first-line ICIs plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone, as well as against each other, from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Transition probabilities were estimated by combining the results of the CAPSTONE-1 trial and a published network meta-analysis.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of first-line serplulimab plus chemotherapy for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer in China: based on the ASTRUM-004 trial.

Objective: In the ASTRUM-004 trial, serplulimab plus chemotherapy demonstrated significantly improved survival and controllable safety. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of serplulimab plus chemotherapy in advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC), considering the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Methods: A decision tree and a Markov model were constructed to simulate the treatment.

Comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of rituximab and traditional tacrolimus regimens in membranous nephropathy in China.

Rituximab (RTX) is a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets CD20 and is frequently used in the treatment of membranous nephropathy (MN). Analysis of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of RTX in treating MN in practice and a comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of the RTX and traditional tacrolimus (TAC) regimens can provide valuable insights to aid decision-making by the government and relevant medical insurance departments. We conducted a statistical analysis of medical records from patients diagnosed with MN who underwent RTX treatment between 1 January 2019 and 1 January 2023.

Glucocorticoid regulation of the mTORC1 pathway modulates CD4 T cell responses during infection.

Objectives: Conventional glucocorticoid (GC) treatment poses significant risks for opportunistic infections due to its suppressive impact on CD4 T cells. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which GCs modulate the functionality of CD4 T cells during infection.

Methods: We consistently measured FOXP3, inflammatory cytokines and phospho-S6 ribosomal protein levels in CD4 T cells from patients undergoing conventional GC treatment.

Cost-effectiveness of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan for HER2-low Advanced Breast Cancer in the United States.

Purpose: Trastuzumab deruxtecan has been shown to be effective for advanced breast cancer with low levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. To optimize the allocation of limited health care resources, this study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab deruxtecan from the US payer perspective.

Methods: A partitioned survival model was developed to project the disease course of advanced breast cancer.

Estimated projection of incidence and mortality of alcohol-related liver disease in China from 2022 to 2040: a modeling study.

Background: China has one of the highest numbers of liver disease cases in the world, including 6.4 million cirrhosis associated with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) cases. However, there is still a lack of urgent awareness about the growth of alcohol consumption and the increased burden of ALD in China.

Dynamic zero-COVID strategy in controlling COVID-19 in Shanghai, China: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: The sustainability and generalizability of China's dynamic zero-COVID strategy on eliminating SARS-CoV-2 transmission has casted doubt globally, mainly because it has exacted high social and economic cost. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden during the first wave of Omicron in China and compared the cost-effectiveness of implementing a Real-world strategy (adjusted dynamic zero-COVID strategy) with two simulated strategies (routine and stricter dynamic zero-COVID strategy) to inform appropriate strategies for COVID-19 pandemic control.

Methods: A dynamic state-transition simulation model was developed to compare the health and cost outcomes between different dynamic zero-COVID strategies.

First-line systemic treatment strategies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: Oral multikinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) but may increase cost. This study compared the cost-effectiveness of oral multikinase inhibitors and ICIs in the first-line treatment of patients with aHCC.

Methods: A three-state Markov model was established to study the cost-effectiveness of drug treatment from the perspective of Chinese payers.

Activation of CD3 + TIM3 + T cells contributes to excessive inflammatory response during glucocorticoid treatment.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but recent research has challenged the notion that GCs are universally anti-inflammatory. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term GC exposure on circulating T cells in a retrospective cohort of 5,476 patients with primary glomerular diseases. Our results revealed that GCs altered the composition pattern of circulating leukocytes and the correlation between circulating lymphocytes and serum cytokines in response to infections, as well as the subsets of CD4 + T cells.

Long-term glucocorticoid exposure persistently impairs CD4+ T cell biology by epigenetically modulating the mTORC1 pathway.

Conventional glucocorticoid (GC) treatment has a long-term influence on T-cell immunity, resulting in an increased risk of opportunistic infection after drug withdrawal. The underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. This study demonstrated that long-term GC treatment induced persistent lymphopenia in patients with primary glomerular disease.

Alpha emitter radium-223 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A cost-utility analysis.

To assess the cost effectiveness of radium-223 dichloride for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in China. A Markov model was developed to estimate the long-term health and economic outcomes of radium-223 plus best standard care (BSC) treatment and BSC only for bone mCRPC patients over a lifetime horizon. The patients and interventions were modeled according to the ALSYMPCA trial.

Benefit-to-harm ratio and cost-effectiveness of government-recommended gastric cancer screening in China: A modeling study.

Objective: Current guidelines recommend the gastric cancer risk score scale (GCRSS) for screening in gastric cancer (GC) high-risk populations in China. This study aimed to estimate the clinical benefits, harms, cost, and cost-effectiveness of the GCRSS screening strategy from a Chinese healthcare system perspective.

Materials And Methods: Using a microsimulation model, we evaluated 7 screening scenarios of the GCRSS with varying starting ages.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan versus Trastuzumab Emtansine in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer in the USA.

Introduction: Based on data from the DESTINY-Breast03 trial, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer who had been previously treated with trastuzumab and a taxane from the US payer perspective.

Methods: We conducted a Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of T-DXd versus trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). The simulation time horizon for this model was the lifetime of patients.

Cost-Effectiveness of Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Advanced Oesophageal Cancer.

Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy is recommended as the first-line treatment for advanced oesophageal cancer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced oesophageal cancer from the healthcare system perspective in China. Based on the KEYNOTE-590 trial, a Markov model was constructed to estimate the cost and effectiveness of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and placebo plus chemotherapy, respectively.

Clinical Benefit and Cost Effectiveness of Risk-Stratified Gastric Cancer Screening Strategies in China: A Modeling Study.

Background And Objective: A new gastric cancer screening scoring system (NGCS) strategy was recommended for the early gastric cancer (GC) screening process in China. The current study aimed to assess the clinical benefits and the cost effectiveness of the NGCS strategy in GC high-risk areas of China from a societal perspective.

Methods: A Markov microsimulation model was developed to evaluate 30 alternative screening strategies with varying initiation age, including the NGCS strategy, the modified NGCS strategy, and the endoscopic screening strategy with various screening intervals.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy of Infusional Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin Versus Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients With Large Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-HAIC) as the first-line treatment for patients with large unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). A Markov model was constructed to simulate the first-line treatment, disease recurrence, and survival of patients with large unresectable HCC. Transition probabilities were based on clinical trial data.

Cost-Effectiveness of Bevacizumab Biosimilar LY01008 Combined With Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Chinese Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

To investigate whether LY01008, a locally developed bevacizumab biosimilar agent, is appropriate for widespread use among Chinese advanced or recurrent nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, our current study was designed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of first-line LY01008 combined with platinum-doublet chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. This economic evaluation designed a Markov model to compare the healthcare cost and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of first-line LY01008 combined with chemotherapy versus first-line chemotherapy. Transition probabilities, including disease progression, survival, and adverse event (AE)-related discontinuation of first-line treatment, were estimated using data from the clinical trials.

Economic Evaluation of Dapagliflozin in the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this study is to systematically review the economic evaluations of dapagliflozin in the treatment of patients with heart failure (HF) and describe their general and methodological features. This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE/PubMed, Website Of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched to collect relevant studies, and the retrieval time ended on 31 October 2021.