Cynatroside B, a new anti-inflammatory C steroid from the roots and rhizomes of .

A series of C steroidal glycosides were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of (Bunge) C. Morren et Decne., including a new compound, cynatroside B (), and seven known compounds (-).

Antidepressant-like effects of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. via modulation of monoamine regulatory pathways.

Sheng-ma is recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica and mainly originates from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. (CD), Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom.

The performance of quaternary-ammonium chitosan in wastewater treatment: The overlooked role of solubility.

Quaternary-ammonium chitosan (CT-CTA) is a popular water treatment agent, and its electropositivity and cation strength are improved compared with chitosan. The use of CT-CTA is widely advocated to remove suspended particles and organic matter from wastewater. However, the solubility of CT-CTA is an important factor affecting the performance of CT-CTA, which is a neglected problem in previous studies.

ADP-ribosylation, a multifaceted modification: Functions and mechanisms in aging and aging-related diseases.

Aging, a complex biological process, plays key roles the development of multiple disorders referred as aging-related diseases involving cardiovascular diseases, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, lipid metabolism-related diseases. ADP-ribosylation is a reversible modification onto proteins and nucleic acids to alter their structures and/or functions. Growing evidence support the importance of ADP-ribosylation and ADP-ribosylation-associated enzymes in aging and age-related diseases.

Three new phenols and one new lignan from Clematis terniflora var. manshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi with their anti-inflammatory activity.

Three undescribed phenols, mandshusica C-E (1-3) and a new lignan, mandshusica F (5), along with six known compounds (4, 6-10) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis terniflora var. manshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi.

Mono-ADP-ribosylation, a MARylationmultifaced modification of protein, DNA and RNA: characterizations, functions and mechanisms.

The functional alterations of proteins and nucleic acids mainly rely on their modifications. ADP-ribosylation is a NAD-dependent modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. This modification is broadly categorized as Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation).

Two new prenylated flavonol glycosides from Nakai leaves and their anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities.

Two new prenylated flavonol glycosides, namely Desmethylicaritin-3---D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)--L(4″--acetyl) rhamnopyranosyl-7---D(6''''--acetyl)-glucopyranoside () and 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyl-8-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-flavonol-3---L-rhamnopyranoside (), and one with no NMR spectral data reported () were isolated from Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS analysis. The identification of the sugar moieties was carried out by means of acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of their derivatives.

Two new anti-inflammatory compounds from the roots and rhizomes of var (Rupr.) Ohwi.

Two new compounds named mandshurica A () and mandshurica B (), together with four known lignans (-) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of var. (Rupr.) Ohwi.

Icariin, the main prenylflavonoid of Epimedii Folium, ameliorated chronic kidney disease by modulating energy metabolism via AMPK activation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Epimedii Folium is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) widely used in classic formulas, Chinese patent drugs and health care products for treating kidney diseases. Therefore, we speculated that icariin, its main component, might also have a good therapeutic effect on chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Aim Of Study: To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of icariin on CKD.

Ginsenoside Rb for overcoming cisplatin-insensitivity of A549/DDP cells in vitro and vivo through the dual-inhibition on two efflux pumps of ABCB1 and PTCH1.

Background: The multi-drug resistance is an inherent weakness in the chemotherapeutics of non-small cell lung cancer occurring frequently all over the world. Clinically, ginseng and Chinese medicinal prescriptions including ginseng usually used as anti-tumor adjuncts due to its characteristic of qi-invigorating, which could improve the curative effect of chemotherapy drugs and reduce their toxic side effects. Triterpenoid saponins are the crucial active ingredients in Panax ginseng, and Ginsenoside Rb is of the highest quantities.

Four new compounds isolated from the rhizomes of (L.) 't Hart.

One new coumarin, one new flavonoid, two new distinctive compounds with characteristics of an iriflophene unit and a flavonoid unit connecting a furan ring, together with five known compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of (L.) 't Hart. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

Systematic analysis of the material basis and mechanism of total saponins of mountain cultivated ginseng against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity based on integrating network pharmacology and in vivo substance profiling.

Introduction: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a serious obstacle to oncologic treatment. Mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) exhibits stronger pharmacological effects than cultivated ginseng (CG) mainly due to the differences in ginsenosides. However, the material basis and the underlying mechanism of the protective effects of total saponins of MCG (TSMCG) against DIC are unclear.

Two new dammarane-type saponins from radix and rhizomes of C. A. Meyer.

Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides elucidated as 6--[-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)--D-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3, 6, 12, 20-tetraol, named 20()-Ginsenoside Re (); 6--[-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-glucopyranosyl]-20--[-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)--D-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3, 6, 12, 20-tetraol, named 20()-Ginsenoside Re (); along with one steroidal saponin () and six known triterpenoid ginsenosides (, , , , and ) were isolated from the radix and rhizomes of mountain-cultivated ginseng ( ginseng C. A. Meyer, family Araliaceae).

Structure characterization and anti-fatigue activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used in China for more than 2000 years.

A glycoprotein from mountain cultivated ginseng: Insights into their chemical characteristics and intracellular antioxidant activity.

A glycoprotein (MGP2) from mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) was purified by Tris-HCl extraction followed by DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The approximate molecular weight (27.0 kDa) and monomeric nature were determined by reduced and non-reduced SDS-PAGE.

New anti-pulmonary fibrosis prenylflavonoid glycosides from Epimedium koreanum.

Four new prenylflavonoid glycosides, namely koreanoside H-K (1-4), together with eleven known ones (5-15) were isolated from the leaves of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR and UV. The identification of the sugar moieties was carried out by means of acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of their derivatives.

Fibrous Roots of Cimicifuga Are at Risk of Hepatotoxicity.

The cause of liver damage by using black cohosh preparation has been concerned but remains unclear. After a preliminary investigation, the black cohosh medicinal materials sold in the market were adulterated with Asian cohosh (Cimicifuga) without removing the fibrous roots. The safety of Cimicifuga rhizome and fibrous roots is unknown and has not been reported.

Total flavonoids in Nakai alleviated chronic renal failure promoting AMPK activation.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a result of the progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), a global health problem with a high cost of treatment and no ideal therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of the total flavonoids in Nakai (TFE), a dietary supplement, against CRF and to determine the mechanism of actions. An adenine-induced CRF rat model and a TGF-β1 induced human kidney proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cell based renal fibrosis model were established and used to evaluate TFE's efficacy.

Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides from ginseng.

Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides elucidated as 3-O-[-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)--D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)--D-glucopyranosyl]-20()-protopanaxadiol, named Ginsenoside Rb(); ()-6-O-Dglucopyranosyldammar20(22), 24diene, , -triol, named (20)-Ginsenoside Rh (); along with five known ginsenosides(, , , , ) were isolated from the radix and rhizome of wild ginseng ( ginseng). The structures were determined by chemical and comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and hydrolysis reaction.

Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide ameliorates serum profiling in STZ-induced diabetic mice model.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease mainly caused by the disorder of metabolism, which has become huge threat to human health. Polysaccharides are the main active substance from Inonotus obliquus (I. obliquus) with hypoglycemic effect.

Research progress on naturally-occurring and semi-synthetic ocotillol-type ginsenosides in the genus Panax L. (Araliaceae).

Ocotillol (OT)-type ginsenosides, one subtype of ginsenosides, consist of a dammarane skeleton and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Most naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides exist in Panax species, particularly in Panax quinquefolius, which may be attributed to the warm and humid climate of its native areas. Till now, merely 28 types of naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides have been isolated.

Cimigenoside functions as a novel γ-secretase inhibitor and inhibits the proliferation or metastasis of human breast cancer cells by γ-secretase/Notch axis.

Breast cancer (BC) occurrence and development tremendously affect female health. Currently breast cancer targeted drugs are still scarce. Natural products have become the main source of targeted drug for breast cancer due to low toxicity and high efficiency.

Cimicifuga dahurica extract inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 in vitro and in vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim (C. dahurica) has a long history of treating breast cancer.

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer as a potential therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis disease.

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), a representative Chinese herbal medicine, can improve the body's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity.

Tetracycline Removal by Activating Persulfate with Diatomite Loading of Fe and Ce.

Persulfate (PS)-based oxidation technology is efficient in removing refractory organics from water. A novel diatomite (DIA) support Fe and Ce composite (Fe-Ce/DIA) was prepared for activating persulfate to degrade tetracycline in water. The Fe and Ce were uniformly loaded on DIA, and the total pore size of Fe-Ce/DIA was 6.