Dynamic expression pattern of corticotropin-releasing hormone, urotensin I and II genes under acute salinity and temperature challenge during early development of zebrafish.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), urotensin I (UI) and urotensin II (UII) are found throughout vertebrate species from fish to human. To further understand the role of crh, uI and uII in teleosts during development, we investigated the expression pattern of crh, uI, uIIα and uIIβ genes, and their response to acute salinity and temperature challenge during early development of zebrafish, Danio rerio. The results reveal that crh, uI, uIIα and uIIβ mRNA are detected from 0hpf, and the expression levels increase to a maximum at 6 days post fertilization (dpf), with the exception of uIIα that peak at 5dpf.

Phosphine-catalyzed Rauhut-Currier domino reaction: a facile strategy for the construction of carbocyclic spirooxindoles skeletons.

Push-over: A novel domino reaction of activated conjugated dienes and methyleneindolinones incorporates a phosphine-catalyzed intermolecular Rauhut-Currier to form two C-C bonds and a quaternary carbon center. This method can be used to synthesize spirocyclopenteneoxindoles skeletons, which are potential building blocks for biologically active compounds.