Predictive impact of clinical factors on chemosensitivity in advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma according to chemotherapy response score.

The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) as a first-line therapy for advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) has increased. However, several studies have reported NAC-induced platinum resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive impact of clinical factors on chemotherapy response score (CRS) and to select patients who would respond well to NAC.

The discrepancy of somatic BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants from two different platforms in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer.

The somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant (PV)/Likely PV (LPV) from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is the most important biomarker for PARP inhibitor use and maintenance-targeted therapies. A discrepancy in the detection rates of BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV/LPV was identified among the NGS platforms. The objective of this study was to compare the somatic BRCA results from two distinct platforms using the same cohort and to identify the causes of these differences.

Case report: Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma with a germline pathogenic variant of .

(BRG1) is a core unit of the SWI/SNF complex, regulating gene transcription through chromatin remodeling. Germline variants have been reported to be associated with various malignancies. Here, we report the first case of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma in a young female patient with a germline pathogenic variant of (c.

From the Beginning of the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group to the Present and Next Steps.

The Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) was established in 2002 and is the only organization in Korea conducting multi-center clinical trials for gynecologic cancers. Since its re-establishment as a non-profit organization in 2021, KGOG has grown significantly, now including 207 gynecologic oncology specialists from 76 hospitals. This growth is a testament to the dedication and hard work of all those involved in the organization.

Improved Diagnostic Accuracy of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology with Artificial Intelligence Technology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied in pathology and cytology, showing promising results. We collected a large dataset of whole slide images (WSIs) of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA), incorporating z-stacking, from institutions across the nation to develop an AI model. We conducted a multicenter retrospective diagnostic accuracy study using thyroid FNA dataset from the Open AI Dataset Project that consists of digitalized images samples collected from 3 university hospitals and 215 Korean institutions through extensive quality check during the case selection, scanning, labeling, and reviewing process.

Artificial-Intelligence-Assisted Detection of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells in Ascitic Fluid.

Ascites cytology is a cost-effective test for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in the abdominal cavity. However, metastatic carcinoma of the peritoneum is difficult to diagnose based on biopsy findings, and ascitic aspiration cytology has a low sensitivity and specificity and a high inter-observer variability. The aim of the present study was to apply artificial intelligence (AI) to classify benign and malignant cells in ascites cytology patch images of metastatic CRC using a deep convolutional neural network.

Deep learning-based diagnosis of lung cancer using a nationwide respiratory cytology image set: improving accuracy and inter-observer variability.

Deep learning (DL)-based image analysis has recently seen widespread application in digital pathology. Recent studies utilizing DL in cytopathology have shown promising results, however, the development of DL models for respiratory specimens is limited. In this study, we designed a DL model to improve lung cancer diagnosis accuracy using cytological images from the respiratory tract.

Excellent Outcomes in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Treated by Either Reduced- or Standard-Dose Bleomycin.

To investigate the outcomes of children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs) with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs), we analyzed the data of 61 patients aged ≤39 years diagnosed with MOGCT between 2006 and 2022. Among 59 patients who received chemotherapy after initial diagnosis, 57 received BEP (standard dose of bleomycin with 30 units per week, = 13) or bEP (reduced dose of bleomycin with 15 units/m on day 1, = 44). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 98.

Data-Efficient Computational Pathology Platform for Faster and Cheaper Breast Cancer Subtype Identifications: Development of a Deep Learning Model.

Background: Breast cancer subtyping is a crucial step in determining therapeutic options, but the molecular examination based on immunohistochemical staining is expensive and time-consuming. Deep learning opens up the possibility to predict the subtypes based on the morphological information from hematoxylin and eosin staining, a much cheaper and faster alternative. However, training the predictive model conventionally requires a large number of histology images, which is challenging to collect by a single institute.

Deep Learning-Based Computational Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma in Pleural Fluid.

A Pleural effusion cytology is vital for treating metastatic breast cancer; however, concerns have arisen regarding the low accuracy and inter-observer variability in cytologic diagnosis. Although artificial intelligence-based image analysis has shown promise in cytopathology research, its application in diagnosing breast cancer in pleural fluid remains unexplored. To overcome these limitations, we evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence-based model using a large collection of cytopathological slides, to detect the malignant pleural effusion cytology associated with breast cancer.

Randomized multicenter phase II trial of prophylactic irradiation of para-aortic lymph nodes in advanced cervical cancer according to tumor hypoxia: Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG 07-01) study.

We conducted a prospective phase II study on whether extended-field irradiation (EFI) confers survival benefits depending on hypoxic markers in locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (LAUCC). RNA-seq was performed to identify immune and hypoxic gene signatures. A total of 288 patients were randomized to either EFI or pelvic radiotherapy (PRT).

Survival After Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy and Primary or Interval Cytoreductive Surgery in Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignant tumors. Data are lacking on the survival benefit of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in women with ovarian cancer who underwent primary or interval cytoreductive surgery.

Objective: To assess the clinical benefit of HIPEC after primary or interval maximal cytoreductive surgery in women with stage III or IV primary advanced ovarian cancer.

Glycolytic phenotypes in an evaluation of ovarian carcinoma based on carcinogenesis and BRCA mutation.

Backgrounds: Recently, a dualistic carcinogenesis model of ovarian cancer has emerged. We aimed to investigate differences in the glycolytic phenotypes of type I and type II ovarian carcinoma on the basis of FDG uptake and in the pathological features according to tumour grade and histology.

Materials And Methods: In total, 386 epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients underwent debulking surgery, and the histopathological results of the patients were retrospectively reviewed from 2003 to 2017.

Incidence trends for epithelial peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube cancer during 1999-2016: a retrospective study based on the Korean National Cancer Incidence Database.

Objective: Primary peritoneal cancer (PPC), ovarian cancer (OC), and fallopian tube cancer (FTC) are considered as a single disease group. As knowledge of the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube (POFT) cancer grows, the tendencies in OC diagnosis are changing. We investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of epithelial POFT based on cancer site and histologic type.

Current Status of and Perspectives on Cervical Cancer Screening in Korea.

Since the introduction of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear system in 1943, cervicovaginal cytology has been used as a standard screening test for cervical cancer. The dissemination of this test contributed to reductions of the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer worldwide. In Korea, regular health check-ups for industrial workers and their family members were introduced in 1988 and were performed as part of the National Cancer Screening Program in 1999.

PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb Expression in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms.

Background: Recent findings in molecular pathology suggest that genetic translocation and/oroverexpression of oncoproteins is important in salivary gland tumorigenesis and diagnosis. Weinvestigated PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb protein expression in various salivary gland neoplasm tissues.

Methods: A total of 113 cases of surgically resected salivary gland neoplasms at the NationalCancer Center from January 2007 to March 2017 were identified.

Prognostic Value of Pathologic Chemotherapy Response Score in Patients With Ovarian Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation of chemotherapy response score (CRS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) to treatment outcomes in ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods: Chemotherapy response score was retrospectively determined on pathology slides of all patients with epithelial OC that had interval debulking surgery (IDS) between 2009-2014. Chemotherapy response score 1 was given when tumor was present and infiltrated by inflammatory cells, CRS 2 when both tumor and regressive chemotherapy changes were present, and CRS 3 when scant tumor was seen within extensive chemotherapy-induced changes.

Second primary cancer after primary peritoneal, epithelial ovarian, and fallopian tubal cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: In this retrospective study, data from patients listed in the Korea Central Cancer Registry during 1993-2014 were analysed, to investigate the incidence and survival of second primary cancers (SPCs) after a diagnosis of primary peritoneal, epithelial ovarian, and fallopian tubal (POFT) cancer.

Methods: The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) and survival outcomes of patients with SPCs among POFT cancer survivors were analysed.

Results: Among 20,738 POFT cancer survivors, 798 (3.

Desmoplastic melanoma of the oral cavity: diagnostic pitfalls and clinical characteristics.

Objectives: Desmoplastic melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare condition that is often confused on initial diagnosis with non-melanotic benign lesion or spindle cell tumors. The purpose of this article was to raise awareness of the disease using a literature review.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 19 desmoplastic melanoma cases reported in the literature and added our experience.

Second primary colorectal cancer among endometrial cancer survivor: shared etiology and treatment sequelae.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of colon cancer as a second primary cancer (CCSPC) and the survival outcomes of women with and without CCSPC after the diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods: The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of CCSPC and survival outcomes of EC survivors with and without CCSPC were analyzed using data from January 1 1993 to December 31 2011, obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry.

Results: Of 14,797 EC survivors, 147 (0.

Association of PD-L1 Expression with Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Mutation Burden in High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung.

Introduction: The immune microenvironment of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung, including programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, has not been well characterized.

Methods: On the basis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs) was scored as follows: TC0 and IC0 were defined as PD-L1 expression less than 1%, TC1 and IC1 as at least 1% but less than 10%, TC2 and IC2 as 10% or more but less than 50%, and TC3 and IC3 as 50% or more. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) IHC was scored as either lost or retained expression.

Integration Pattern of Human Papillomavirus Is a Strong Prognostic Factor for Disease-Free Survival After Radiation Therapy in Cervical Cancer Patients.

Purpose: The standard chemoradiation therapy currently used for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients does not reflect the biological heterogeneity of this disease, and there is an increasing need for the development of biomarkers that can help guide the individualized treatment regimens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the integration pattern of human papillomavirus (HPV) in LACC patients.

Methods And Materials: The HPV integration pattern was determined by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction, and the tumors were classified as the episomal pattern (group A), as the single-copy integrated or multicopy tandem repetition-integrated pattern (group B), or as undetectable HPV (group C).