The Impact of Nonpharmacological Interventions on Opioid Use for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Scoping Review.

Despite the lack of evidence, opioids are still routinely used as a solution to long-term management for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). Given the significant risks associated with long-term opioid use, including the increased number of unregulated opioid pills at large in the opioid ecosystem, opioid cessation or reduction may be the desired goal of the patient and clinician. Viable nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) to complement and/or replace opioids for CNCP are needed.

The effects of an integrated mindfulness-based tai chi chuan programme on sleep disturbance among community-dwelling elderly people: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Many elderly individuals who experience sleep disturbances would consider complementary and alternative medicine as an alternative therapeutic option in light of the limitations of traditional treatments. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) are two alternative forms of complementary and alternative medicine. They both share the common feature of a focus on breathing but represent distinct approaches with different mechanisms and philosophical orientations.

Effects of mindfulness-based intervention programs on sleep among people with common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sleep problems are particularly prevalent in people with depression or anxiety disorder. Although mindfulness has been suggested as an important component in alleviating insomnia, no comprehensive review and meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.

Aim: To compare the effects of different MBI programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.

Prolonged cessation of chronic opioid analgesic therapy: a multidisciplinary intervention.

Objectives: To contribute to the literature of best-practice approaches to promote full mu agonist chronic opioid analgesic therapy (COAT) cessation in a population with chronic, noncancer pain by describing initial and extended follow-up outcomes from a limited group program that utilized a standardized, multidisciplinary curriculum containing robust complementary care access in a private practice setting.

Study Design: A retrospective review of data from electronic health records and the California Prescription Drug Monitoring Program for program participants between October 2017 and December 2019.

Methods: Daily oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME) dose use upon entry, at program graduation, at 6 months post graduation, and at extended follow-up of 7 to 24 months post graduation were compared and reported for program participants.

Evaluating the emotion regulation of positive mood states among people with bipolar disorder using hierarchical clustering.

Background: People with bipolar disorder (BD) frequently struggle with the recurrence of affective symptoms. However, the interplay between coping mechanism and positive mood state remains under-researched.

Aim: To explore the associations among behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity level, coping, and positive mood states among people with BD.

Anxiety and Fear Avoidance Beliefs and Behavior May Be Significant Risk Factors for Chronic Opioid Analgesic Therapy Reliance for Patients with Chronic Pain-Results from a Preliminary Study.

Objective: To describe differences between patients with chronic, non-cancer pain (CNCP) who were successfully able to cease full mu agonist chronic opioid analgesic therapy (COAT), and those who exhibited refractory COAT reliance, among those who participated in a multidisciplinary program designed for COAT cessation.

Design: A retrospective review of electronic medical records (EMR) data was organized for preliminary analysis.

Setting: A multicenter private practice specializing in CNCP, which received patient referrals from the surrounding geographical area of primary and specialty care offices in Northern California.

A Data Mining and Data Visualization Approach to Examine the Interrelationships Between Life Satisfaction, Secularization and Religiosity.

Previous studies have suggested a positive relationship between secularization and happiness, as well as a geographical, cultural and development pattern, primarily based on data gathered in Europe and the USA. To gain a more holistic view on the interrelationships between secularization, religiosity and subjective perception of well-being, this study utilized the Wave 6 archival data set (2010-2014) of World Values Survey, which contains 74,042 observations from 60 countries. In this study, the rating of satisfaction with life was treated as the dependent variable.

Gene-Metabolite Interaction in the One Carbon Metabolism Pathway: Predictors of Colorectal Cancer in Multi-Ethnic Families.

For personalized healthcare, the purpose of this study was to examine the key genes and metabolites in the one-carbon metabolism (OCM) pathway and their interactions as predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC) in multi-ethnic families. In this proof-of-concept study, we included a total of 30 participants, 15 CRC cases and 15 matched family/friends representing major ethnic groups in southern California. Analytics based on supervised machine learning were applied, with the target variable being specified as cancer, including the ensemble method and generalized regression (GR) prediction.

Meta-Prediction of MTHFR Gene Polymorphism and Air Pollution on the Risks of Congenital Heart Defects Worldwide: A Transgenerational Analysis.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in children, and is affected by genetic and environmental factors. To investigate the association of air pollution with () polymorphisms and the risk of CHD, we included 58 study groups of children and parents, with 12,347 cases and 18,106 controls worldwide. Both C677T (rs 1801133) and A1298C (rs 1801131) gene polymorphisms were risks for CHD in children with transgenerational effects from their parents.

Meta-Analysis of Polymorphisms with Air Pollution on the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease Worldwide.

The purpose of this updated meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide synthase-3 ( G894T polymorphisms, air pollution and their interaction on ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk across populations worldwide. Recursive partition trees, nonlinear association curve fit and geographic information system maps were incorporated to verify results of conventional pooled analyses for sources of heterogeneity. Results from 61 studies (16,219 cases, 12,222 controls) revealed a significant increased relative risk (RR) of IHD associated with 894 polymorphisms TT (RR = 1.

Gene-environment interactions and predictors of breast cancer in family-based multi-ethnic groups.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide and second leading cause of cancer-related death. Understanding gene-environment interactions could play a critical role for next stage of BC prevention efforts. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the key gene-environmental factors affecting the risks of BC in a diverse sample.

A Meta-Prediction of Polymorphisms and Air Pollution Increased the Risk of Ischemic Heart Diseases Worldwide.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide. polymorphisms have been associated with IHD risk, but the findings presented with heterogeneity. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to provide an updated evaluation by integrating machine-learning based analytics to examine the potential source of heterogeneity on the associations between polymorphisms and the risk of various subtypes of IHD, as well as the possible impact of air pollution on polymorphisms and IHD risks.

The factor structure of a short acculturation scale for Filipino Americans in an adult U.S.-born sample.

The influx of non-European immigrants since 1965 ushered the development and use of acculturation measures in immigrant health studies. A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ASASFA) represents a validated, unidirectional ethnic-specific measure used with first-generation FAs. ASASFA's psychometric properties with adult U.

Personalized Nutrition-Genes, Diet, and Related Interactive Parameters as Predictors of Cancer in Multiethnic Colorectal Cancer Families.

To personalize nutrition, the purpose of this study was to examine five key genes in the folate metabolism pathway, and dietary parameters and related interactive parameters as predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC) by measuring the healthy eating index (HEI) in multiethnic families. The five genes included () 677 and 1298, () 2756, ( 66), and () , and they were used to compute a total gene mutation score. We included 53 families, 53 CRC patients and 53 paired family friend members of diverse population groups in Southern California.

Meta-analysis of homocysteine-related factors on the risk of colorectal cancer.

The major objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the association between homocysteine and related measurements with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomatous polyps (AP). Many studies presented an association between gene polymorphisms and risk of CRC. Yet, there have been variances on what homocysteine-related and dietary factors play on the risk of CRC or AP, in association with folate-related one carbon metabolism pathways.

Predictors of the Healthy Eating Index and Glycemic Index in Multi-Ethnic Colorectal Cancer Families.

For personalized nutrition in preparation for precision healthcare, we examined the predictors of healthy eating, using the healthy eating index (HEI) and glycemic index (GI), in family-based multi-ethnic colorectal cancer (CRC) families. A total of 106 participants, 53 CRC cases and 53 family members from multi-ethnic families participated in the study. Machine learning validation procedures, including the ensemble method and generalized regression prediction, Elastic Net with Akaike's Information Criterion with correction and Leave-One-Out cross validation methods, were applied to validate the results for enhanced prediction and reproducibility.

Gene Environment Interactions and Predictors of Colorectal Cancer in Family-Based, Multi-Ethnic Groups.

For the personalization of polygenic/omics-based health care, the purpose of this study was to examine the gene-environment interactions and predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC) by including five key genes in the one-carbon metabolism pathways. In this proof-of-concept study, we included a total of 54 families and 108 participants, 54 CRC cases and 54 matched family friends representing four major racial ethnic groups in southern California (White, Asian, Hispanics, and Black). We used three phases of data analytics, including exploratory, family-based analyses adjusting for the dependence within the family for sharing genetic heritage, the ensemble method, and generalized regression models for predictive modeling with a machine learning validation procedure to validate the results for enhanced prediction and reproducibility.

Exploring the Factor Structure of a Recovery Assessment Measure among Substance-Abusing Youth.

To date, the measurement of recovery in the field of substance abuse is limited. Youth recovery from substance abuse is an important area to consider, given the complexities of such issues. The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) has been validated with mental health patient populations; however, its measurement characteristics have not been examined for individuals in substance abuse treatment.

Surveying the Impact of Work Hours and Schedules on Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Sleep.

Background: Given the long hours on the road involving multiple and interacting work stressors (i.e., delivery pressures, irregular shifts, ergonomic hazards), commercial drivers face a plethora of health and safety risks.

An ecological analysis of secondary school students' drug use in Hong Kong: A case-control study.

Background: Youth drug use is a significant at-risk youth behaviour and remains as one of the top priorities for mental health services, researchers and policy planners. The ecological characteristics of secondary school students' behaviour in Hong Kong are understudied.

Aim: To examine individual, familial, social and environmental correlates of drug use among secondary students in Hong Kong.

Logistic regression analysis of psychosocial correlates associated with recovery from schizophrenia in a Chinese community.

Background And Aims: More mental health services are adopting the recovery paradigm. This study adds to prior research by (a) using measures of stages of recovery and elements of recovery that were designed and validated in a non-Western, Chinese culture and (b) testing which demographic factors predict advanced recovery and whether placing importance on certain elements predicts advanced recovery.

Method: We examined recovery and factors associated with recovery among 75 Hong Kong adults who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and assessed to be in clinical remission.

Differences and similarities between functional and personal recovery in an Asian population: a cluster analytic approach.

This study gathers empirical data to test whether two forms of recovery are related: (1) the traditional outcome-based notion of recovery from a mental illness, which is called "functional recovery," and (2) the more recent, consumer-based concept of recovery in mental illness, which is called "personal recovery." A total of 150 Chinese outpatients were recruited, 75 with bipolar disorder and 75 with schizophrenia, as determined by structured clinical interview. Participants were reported to be in clinical remission for at least the previous 6 months by treating psychiatrists.

Exploring the recovery concept in bipolar disorder: a decision tree analysis of psychosocial correlates of recovery stages.

Objectives: The recovery movement has generated interest in the concept of personal recovery, but little attention has been paid to it in relation to bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study was to examine personal recovery in BD using a staged model, exploring whether different stages are associated with different psychosocial and clinical profiles.

Methods: Adults with BD in remission (n = 75) were recruited from an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Hong Kong.