The diurnal pattern of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and obesity: a cross-sectional analysis.

Objective: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is obesity-protective. However, the optimal time of the day to engage in MVPA for weight management is controversial. This study is designed to investigate the influence of the diurnal pattern of MVPA on the association between MVPA and obesity.

Association of the time of day of peak physical activity with cardiovascular mortality: Findings from the UK Biobank study.

Cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology display pronounced circadian rhythms. The study is designed to examine whether the time of day of physical activity is associated with cardiovascular mortality. We analyzed 94,489 UK Biobank adults with objectively measured physical activity, including 53,328 morning-type participants and 30,962 evening-type participants based on self-reported chronotypes.

Time-of-day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

There is no clear evidence for the best time of day for physical activity in benefitting health among individuals with type 2 diabetes. This study was aimed to examine whether there is an optimal time of day for physical activity to increase longevity. In this cohort study of 904 patients with type 2 diabetes, we fitted a Cox model with restricted cubic spline to examine the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and time of day with all-cause mortality.

The Association of Self-Reported Muscle-Strengthening Activities With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Older Adults: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the cross-sectional associations of participation in muscle-strengthening activities (MSAs) with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among older adults. The data are from 2,557 older adult participants enrolled in an observational cohort who reported no history of cardiovascular disease. MSA was determined using a questionnaire.

The Association of Physical Activity With Carotid Intima Media Thickening in a Healthy Older Population: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between self-reported physical activity (PA) and mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA IMT) among older adults. The data are from 1,811 Cooper Center Longitudinal Study participants, who were aged ≥60 years, with no history of cardiovascular disease. A medical history questionnaire was used to assess PA.

The association of midlife cardiorespiratory fitness with later life carotid atherosclerosis: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Background And Aims: While numerous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and carotid atherosclerosis in middle age, much less is known about the association of midlife CRF with carotid atherosclerosis in later life.

Methods: We studied 1094 participants, free of cardiovascular disease, who completed a maximal exercise test (GXT) for an objective measure of CRF between ages 40 and 59 and carotid ultrasound after the age of 59, with at least five years between studies. Carotid intima media thickness was measured.

Relation of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cardiorespiratory fitness to risk of systemic hypertension in men.

We investigated the relation between inflammation and incident hypertension, independent of obesity, and tested the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) and indexes of inflammation for the development of hypertension in 2,475 normotensive men. Inflammatory markers were C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. Fitness was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during sign/symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing to volitional fatigue; 266 men (10.

Effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on central arterial stiffness and gait velocity in patients with chronic poststroke hemiparesis.

Objective: The effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on central arterial stiffness and gait velocity in patients with chronic poststroke hemiparesis were investigated.

Design: Twenty-six patients with chronic poststroke hemiparesis were randomly assigned to either the combined aerobic and resistance exercise group (n = 14) or the control group (n = 12). The exercise intervention group received a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (1 hr/day, three times/week for 16 wks), whereas the control group received usual care.

Lifestyle Factors and Coronary Artery Calcification.

The effective prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a global health challenge. Adopting a combined primary (prevention of the first episode of coronary heart disease or stroke) and primordial (prevention of the causal risk factors of CVD) prevention strategy is the best approach to prevent CVD. Most importantly, the primordial prevention strategy should in the first place be to promote cardiovascular health across individual and population levels by improving the underlying causal risk factors for CVD (i.

A prospective study of fasting plasma glucose and risk of stroke in asymptomatic men.

Objective: To examine the association between levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and incidence of stroke outcomes in a large cohort of asymptomatic men.

Patients And Methods: Participants were 43,933 men (mean ± SD age, 44.3 ± 9.

Combined impact of lifestyle factors on cancer mortality in men.

Purpose: The impact of lifestyle factors on cancer mortality in the U.S. population has not been thoroughly explored.

Effects of Panax ginseng supplementation on muscle damage and inflammation after uphill treadmill running in humans.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether Panax ginseng extract intake would influence exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation responses. Eighteen male college students were randomly assigned to either an RG intake group (RG, n = 9) or a placebo group (P, n = 9). All subjects performed a high-intensity uphill treadmill running task (two rounds of 45 min at 10 km/h speed with a 15 degree uphill slope separated by 5 min of rest).

Protective health factors and incident hypertension in men.

Background: Few studies have examined the association between a combination of lifestyle factors and the incidence of hypertension, particularly among men. This is important as lifestyle factors are often interrelated, and may often occur in combination. Thus, we investigated the individual and combined effects of body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity (PA), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on the incidence of hypertension in men.

Effect of positive health factors and all-cause mortality in men.

Purpose: Although several health-related factors are independently associated with diverse health outcomes, their combined affect on mortality has not been fully described.

Methods: We examined the combined effect of several positive health factors, including having normal weight (body mass index = 18.5-24.

Combined effects of cardiorespiratory fitness, not smoking, and normal waist girth on morbidity and mortality in men.

Background: Physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and abdominal obesity are key modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the combined effects of not having these risk factors on CHD events and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in men.

Methods: We followed up 23 657 men, aged 30 to 79 years, who completed a medical evaluation including a maximal treadmill exercise test and self-reported health habits.

Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on lung cancer mortality.

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that higher levels of physical activity may lower lung cancer risk; however, few prospective studies have evaluated lung cancer mortality in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), an objective marker of recent physical activity habits.

Methods: Thirty-eight thousand men, aged 20-84 yr, without history of cancer, received a preventive medical examination at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas, between 1974 and 2002. CRF was quantified as maximal treadmill exercise test duration and was grouped for analysis as low (lowest 20% of exercise duration), moderate (middle 40%), and high (upper 40%).

Effects of 4 weeks recombinant human growth hormone administration on insulin resistance of skeletal muscle in rats.

Purpose: Effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) administration on lipid storage, and its subsequent effect on insulin sensitivity have not yet been adequately examined. Thus, we investigated the effects of rhGH treatment on muscle triglyceride (TG) and ceramide content, and insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of rhGH administration in rats.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen rats were randomly assigned to two groups: rhGH injection group (GH, n = 7) and saline injection group (CON, n = 7).

Cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary artery calcification in young adults: The CARDIA Study.

Whether cardiorespiratory fitness relates to early subclinical atherosclerotic vascular disease remains unknown. We investigated the relation of cardiorespiratory fitness to coronary artery calcification (CAC) in 2373 African-American and White young adults from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. We measured cardiorespiratory fitness in 1985-1986 (baseline) using a symptom-limited exercise test on a treadmill.

Body size satisfaction and physical activity levels among men and women.

Body size satisfaction may be an important factor associated with physical activity. We analyzed data from the 2002 National Physical Activity and Weight Loss Survey (NPAWLS), a population-based cross-sectional telephone survey of US adults. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of body size satisfaction on being regularly active.

A prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and BMI with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women.

Research Design And Methods: An observational cohort of 6,249 women aged 20-79 years was free of baseline cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. CRF was measured using a maximal treadmill exercise test.

Abdominal obesity and coronary artery calcification in young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Background: Whether abdominal obesity is related to coronary artery calcification (CAC) is not known.

Objective: We investigated the relations of waist girth and waist-hip ratio (WHR) to CAC in 2951 African American and white young adults from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

Design: The present study was a cross-sectional and observational cohort study.

Cardiovascular events in diabetic and nondiabetic adults with or without history of myocardial infarction.

Background: Whether diabetic patients without a history of myocardial infarction (MI) have the same risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events as nondiabetic patients with a history of MI remains controversial. We compared risks of CHD and stroke events and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic and nondiabetic men and women with and without a history of MI.

Methods And Results: We followed a total of 13 790 African American and white men and women ages 45 to 64 years who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, beginning in 1987 to 1989.

Physical activity and stroke risk: a meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose: Whether physical activity reduces stroke risk remains controversial. We used a meta-analysis to examine the overall association between physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke incidence or mortality.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE from 1966 to 2002 and identified 23 studies (18 cohort and 5 case-control) that met inclusion criteria.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and smoking-related and total cancer mortality in men.

Purpose: We investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and smoking-related, nonsmoking-related, and total cancer mortality in men.

Methods: We followed 25,892 men, age 30-87 yr, who had a preventive medical evaluation, including a maximal exercise test and self-reported health habits. There were 335 cancer deaths (133 from smoking-related cancer, 202 from nonsmoking-related cancer) during an average of 10 yr of follow-up (259,124 man-yr).

Cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men.

Purpose: We examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. We followed 16,878 men, ages 40-87 yr, who had a complete medical evaluation including a maximal treadmill exercise test and self-reported health habits.