Breast cancer, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), presents a significant challenge due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, prompting research into potential treatments like pirfenidone, an FDA-approved drug with anti-fibrotic and emerging anti-tumor properties.
In experiments, pirfenidone was shown to reduce cell viability and proliferation in TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and HCC-1937), shifting more cells into the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis by altering specific protein expressions related to cell survival and apoptosis.
The study revealed that pirfenidone's effectiveness is linked to its suppression of the Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling pathway, as