Nanozyme-functionalized microalgal biohybrid microrobots in inflammatory bowel disease treatment.

Oral drugs are the most direct and effective strategy for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, the harsh environment of gastric juice, lack of targeted lesion sites, and rapid metabolism present difficulties in the development of oral drugs. This research introduces a nanozyme-functionalized microalgal biohybrid microrobot (Hp@CS-PNAs@PAA) with a novel mechanism for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by leveraging the therapeutic advantages of microalgae and nanozymes.

Enhancing denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation for nitrogen removal with low-temperature biochar.

Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation (DAMO), which utilizes methane for denitrification, offers an efficacious approach for nitrogen removal in wastewater and greenhouse gas mitigation. However, slow microbial growth and low methane mass transfer efficiency limit its practical application. This study demonstrates that straw biochar, particularly when pyrolyzed at 300 °C, enhances DAMO's nitrogen removal performance.

Synthesis of a Free-Standing Ternary WO/CNT/ZnO-Chitosan Composite Photocatalytic Membrane for the Mitigation of Protein Fouling in Membranes.

The application of membrane filtration, particularly micro- and ultra-filtration, in food and pharmaceutical industries often faces the issue of protein fouling. In this study, we aimed to fabricate a free-standing ternary tungsten trioxide/carbon nanotube/zinc oxide (WO/CNT/ZnO)-chitosan composite photocatalytic membrane via wet processing and infiltration techniques to address the fouling issue. Infiltration with low molecular weight chitosan was found to enhance the mechanical stability of the ternary composite photocatalytic membrane.

Preliminary study: Data analytics for predicting medication adherence in Malaysian arthritis patients.

Objective: In multi-ethnic Malaysian populations, understanding and improving medication adherence in arthritis patients is crucial for enhancing treatment outcomes. Non-adherence, whether intentional or due to complex factors, can lead to severe long-term consequences such as increased disability and disease progression. This study analysed and predicted Malaysian arthritis medication adherence using 13 machine learning models.

Development and validation of interpretable machine learning models for triage patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Objectives: Developing and validating interpretable machine learning (ML) models for predicting whether triaged patients need to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Measures: The study analyzed 189,167 emergency patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database, with the outcome being ICU admission. Three models were compared: Model 1 based on Emergency Severity Index (ESI), Model 2 on vital signs, and Model 3 on vital signs, demographic characteristics, medical history, and chief complaints.

Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of the hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer.

A sort of major malignant disease, cancer can compromise human health wherever. Some mechanisms of the occurrence and evolution of cancer still seem elusive even now. Consequently, the therapeutic strategies for cancer must continually evolve.

Investigating the effect of occupational noise exposure in the risk of atrial fibrillation: a case study among Chinese occupational populations.

Purpose: This study examines the link between high occupational noise exposure and atrial fibrillation (AF), given the limited existing evidence.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among participants from a large heavy industry enterprise in China. High noise exposure was defined as an equivalent A-weighted sound level (LAeq, 8 h) of ≥ 80 dB(A) during an 8 h workday.

Interpretable machine learning for predicting sepsis risk in emergency triage patients.

The study aimed to develop and validate a sepsis prediction model using structured electronic medical records (sEMR) and machine learning (ML) methods in emergency triage. The goal was to enhance early sepsis screening by integrating comprehensive triage information beyond vital signs. This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the MIMIC-IV database.

Chemo-free salvage treatment outperforms traditional chemotherapy in advanced lines of relapsed/refractory subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.

Introduction: Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a good prognosis, but the optimal treatment for relapsed/refractory (R/R) SPTCL has been rarely discussed.

Methods: This study aims to compare the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and chemo-free immunomodulatory regimen for R/R SPTCL. We retrospectively reviewed the patients with first relapse or primary refractory SPTCL between September 1997 and October 2020.

Hyper-fractionated radiotherapy as a bridging strategy to enhance CAR-T efficacy by regulating T-cell co-stimulatory molecules in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: Bridging therapy can prevent patients from disease progression while waiting for CAR-T cell preparation. Hyper-fractionated radiotherapy can achieve an effective target dose within a short period, minimize radiation damage, and may modify immune environment compared to conventional radiotherapy.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of bridging hyper-fractionated radiotherapy in combination with CAR-T therapy for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Patient-Centred Counselling Tools for Dispensing Contraceptives in Community Pharmacy Settings: A Systematic Review.

Background: The patient-centred counselling tools are a comprehensive resource to assist community pharmacists in providing effective treatment choices and assisting with decision-making.

Aim: To identify and select suitable tools community pharmacists use with targeted patient-centred outcomes for dispensing contraceptives.

Methods: Five electronic databases, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar as additional sources for published and unpublished studies, were searched to identify literature for contraceptive tools or strategies for pharmacists to decide on contraceptive choice and dispensing by pharmacist.

Telerehabilitation using a 2-D planar arm rehabilitation robot for hemiparetic stroke: a feasibility study of clinic-to-home exergaming therapy.

Background: We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a 2D-planar robot for minimally supervised home-based upper-limb therapy for post-stroke hemiparesis.

Methods: The H-Man, end effector robot, combined with web-based software application for remote tele-monitoring were evaluated at homes of participants. Inclusion criteria were: strokes > 28 days, Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA) > 10-60/66, presence of a carer and absence of medical contraindications.

Elements Influencing User Engagement in Social Media Posts on Lifestyle Risk Factors: Systematic Review.

Background: The high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and the growing importance of social media have prompted health care professionals (HCPs) to use social media to deliver health information aimed at reducing lifestyle risk factors. Previous studies have acknowledged that the identification of elements that influence user engagement metrics could help HCPs in creating engaging posts toward effective health promotion on social media. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to comprehensively identify a list of elements in social media posts that could influence user engagement metrics.

A 150 years record of polycyclic aromatic compounds in the Sihailongwan Maar Lake, Northeast China: impacts of socio-economic developments and pollution control.

The geochemical composition of sediment cores can serve as a proxy for reconstructing past human and nature-driven environmental and climatic changes. We investigated the temporal variation in the concentrations and fluxes of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) which include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs, and azaarenes in the Sihailongwan Maar Lake and found that they remained low before 1950. The PAC concentrations and fluxes increased substantially since 1950, which was in good agreement with the fast socio-economic development, industrialization, and associated growth in fossil fuel consumption in China, particularly since the 1980s.

Sound reception and hearing capabilities in the Little Penguin (): first predicted in-air and underwater audiograms.

Despite increasing concern about the effects of anthropogenic noise on marine fauna, relevant research is limited, particularly in those inaccessible species, such as the Little Penguin (). In this study, we collected freshly deceased Little Penguins for dissection and micro-computed tomography (microCT) scans. The head structures, including the ear apparatus, were reconstructed based on high-resolution imaging data for the species.

Validated 3D finite-element model of the Risso's dolphin () head anatomy demonstrates gular sound reception and channelling through the mandibular fats.

Like other odontocetes, Risso's dolphins actively emit clicks and passively listen to the echoes during echolocation. However, the head anatomy of Risso's dolphins differs from that of other odontocetes by a unique vertical cleft along the anterior surface of the forehead and a differently-shaped lower jaw. In this study, 3D finite-element sound reception and production models were constructed based on computed tomography (CT) data of a deceased Risso's dolphin.

Effect of tubastatin A on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions.

Background: There are currently no effective drugs to mitigate the ischemia/reperfusion injury caused by fluid resuscitation after hemorrhagic shock (HS). The aim of this study was to explore the potential of the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-specific inhibitor tubastatin A (TubA) to suppress nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions.

Methods: The viability of RAW264.

Molecular characterization and clinical relevance of metabolic signature subtypes in gastric cancer.

Metabolic reprogramming dictates tumor molecular attributes and therapeutic potentials. However, the comprehensive metabolic characteristics in gastric cancer (GC) remain obscure. Here, metabolic signature-based clustering analysis identifies three subtypes with distinct molecular and clinical features: MSC1 showed better prognosis and upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and lipid metabolism, combined with frequent TP53 and RHOA mutation; MSC2 had moderate prognosis and elevated nucleotide and amino acid metabolism, enriched by intestinal histology and mismatch repair deficient (dMMR); and MSC3 exhibited poor prognosis and enhanced glycan and energy metabolism, accompanied by diffuse histology and frequent CDH1 mutation.

Clinical features and molecular landscape of cuproptosis signature-related molecular subtype in gastric cancer.

Recent studies have highlighted the biological significance of cuproptosis in disease occurrence and development. However, it remains unclear whether cuproptosis signaling also has potential impacts on tumor initiation and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, 16 cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) transcriptional profiles were harnessed to perform the regularized latent variable model-based clustering in GC.

The role of upfront lenalidomide maintenance for primary central nervous system lymphoma following first-line methotrexate treatment: A retrospective study.

Background: Consolidation therapy improves the duration of response among patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Lenalidomide maintenance has shown encouraging results in older patients with PCNSL. Herein, we performed a retrospective, single-center analysis to evaluate the effect of lenalidomide maintenance on the duration of response in patients with newly-diagnosed PCNSL.