Physiological Factors Affecting Lung Deposition.

Ventilation and mechanics of breathing are an integral part of respiratory physiology that directly affect aerosol transport and deposition in the lung. Although natural breathing pattern varies widely among individuals, breathing pattern is controllable, and by using an appropriate breathing pattern, aerosol deposition can be substantially modified for desired purposes. Effects of breathing pattern have been investigated under carefully controlled inhalation conditions covering a wide range of tidal volumes (V) and breathing frequencies (f) or respiratory times (T = 1/f).

Temporalis myofascial flap coverage for extrusion of internal device after cochlear implantation.

Two pediatric patients with internal device exposure of cochlear implant (CI) were treated successfully using vascularized temporalis myofascial flaps. The visible scarring was minimal, and the CI function was excellent. Although we used temporalis myofascial flaps for late complications of an implanted ear, it can also be used in a primary case to provide flap reinforcement.

Incus footplate assembly: Indication and surgical outcome.

Objectives/hypothesis: To review surgical findings and hearing outcomes of incus footplate assembly (IFA) for the patients with conductive hearing loss due to missing stapes superstructure with a mobile stapes footplate.

Study Design: Retrospective case review and survey.

Methods: Pre- and postoperative audiometric data and intraoperative findings were reviewed.

Optimal use of CT imaging in pediatric congenital cholesteatoma.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the radiation dose of temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT) to detect pediatric congenital cholesteatoma (CC), and suggests strategy for lowering perioperative radiation dose.

Methods: Fifty-three CC patients followed up for more than 12 months after surgery. Perioperative clinical findings and the effective radiation dose (ERD) of TBCT were investigated.

Point-of-Care Glucose and Ketone Monitoring.

Early and rapid identification of hypo- and hyperglycemia as well as ketosis is essential for the practicing veterinarian as these conditions can be life threatening and require emergent treatment. Point-of-care testing for both glucose and ketone is available for clinical use and it is important for the veterinarian to understand the limitations and potential sources of error with these tests. This article discusses the devices used to monitor blood glucose including portable blood glucose meters, point-of-care blood gas analyzers and continuous glucose monitoring systems.

Long-term functional and behavioral-emotional outcomes in children with early cochlear implants: Parental testimonies.

Objectives: (1) To assess the long-term effects of cochlear implantation (CI) on speech perception and school life, and (2) to evaluate behavioral and emotional development, including social skills, post-implantation.

Methods: We telephoned caregivers and asked them a standardized questionnaire. We used the data to explore the daily lives (including school life) of children who had undergone CI before the age of 4 years and who had used the device for >10 years.

Transmastoid reshaping of the sigmoid sinus: preliminary study of a novel surgical method to quiet pulsatile tinnitus of an unrecognized vascular origin.

OBJECTIVE A dominant sigmoid sinus with focal dehiscence or thinning (DSSD/T) of the overlying bony wall is a commonly encountered, but frequently overlooked, cause of vascular pulsatile tinnitus (VPT). Also, the pathophysiological mechanism of sound perception in patients with VPT remains poorly understood. In the present study, a novel surgical method, termed transmastoid SS-reshaping surgery, was introduced to ameliorate VPT in patients with DSSD/T.

Clinical observations and molecular variables of patients with hearing loss and incomplete partition type III.

Objectives/hypothesis: To analyze the clinical manifestations and genetic features of patients with hearing loss (HL) and incomplete partition (IP) type III malformation, and to evaluate speech performance after cochlear implantation (CI) in these patients.

Study Design: Individual retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Of 206 probands with inner ear malformations (IEMs), we constructed a homogeneous cohort of 11 genetically documented IP type III (DFNX2).

Identification and survival outcomes of a cohort of patients with cancer of unknown primary in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is defined by the presence of pathologically identified metastatic disease without clinical or radiological evidence of a primary tumour. Our objective was to identify incident cases of CUP in Ontario, Canada, and determine the influence of histology and sites of metastases on overall survival (OS).

Material And Methods: We used the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) and the Same-Day Surgery and Discharge Abstract Database (SDS/DAD) to identify patients diagnosed with CUP in Ontario between 1 January 2000, and 31 December 2005.

High occupational stress and low career satisfaction of Korean surgeons.

Surgery is a demanding and stressful field in Korea. Occupational stress can adversely affect the quality of care, decrease job satisfaction, and potentially increase medical errors. The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational stress and career satisfaction of Korean surgeons.

Gastrectomy for the treatment of refractory gastric ulceration after radioembolization with 90Y microspheres.

Transcatheter arterial radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 ((90)Y)-labeled microspheres has an emerging role in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Although complication of TARE can be minimized by aggressive pre-evaluation angiography and preventive coiling of aberrant vessels, radioembolization-induced gastroduodenal ulcer can be irreversible and can be life-threatening. Treatment of radioembolization-induced gastric ulcer is challenging because there is a few reported cases and no consensus for management.

A Case of Post-Traumatic Meniere's Disease.

There are only a few reports of post-traumatic Meniere's disease and there is few literature that contains detailed data associated with the disease. We report a case of post-traumatic Meniere's disease. He suffered from tinnitus, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, and recurrent vertigo.

Clinical characteristics of patients with narrow bony cochlear nerve canal: is the bilateral case just a duplicate of the unilateral case?

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate whether there is a genetic contribution to the development of narrow bony cochlear nerve canal and analyze the differences between unilateral and bilateral narrow bony cochlear nerve canal.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with unilateral (n=44) or bilateral (n=13) sensorineural hearing loss with narrow bony cochlear nerve canals from October 2004 to July 2011 were evaluated.

TRICOT encodes an AMP1-related carboxypeptidase that regulates root nodule development and shoot apical meristem maintenance in Lotus japonicus.

During the course of evolution, mainly leguminous plants have acquired the ability to form de novo structures called root nodules. Recent studies on the autoregulation and hormonal controls of nodulation have identified key mechanisms and also indicated a possible link to other developmental processes, such as the formation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). However, our understanding of nodulation is still limited by the low number of nodulation-related genes that have been identified.

Prediction of lung function response for populations exposed to a wide range of ozone conditions.

Context: A human exposure-response (E-R) model previously demonstrated to accurately predict population mean FEV₁ response to ozone exposure has been proposed as the foundation for future risk assessments for ambient ozone.

Objective: Fit the original and related models to a larger data set with a wider range of exposure conditions and assess agreement between observed and population mean predicted values.

Materials And Methods: Existing individual E-R data for 23 human controlled ozone exposure studies with a wide range of concentrations, activity levels, and exposure patterns have been obtained.

Facial nerve aberrations encountered during cochlear implantation.

Conclusion: In patients with cochleovestibular malformations, surgeons should always consider the possibility of an aberrant course or shape of the facial nerve (FN). In our series, the majority of cases could be successfully implanted without major complications through careful handling of the FN and ossicles.

Objectives: To assess the frequency, type, and surgical implications of FN aberrations encountered during cochlear implantation (CI).

Insulin Facilitates the Recovery of Myocardial Contractility and Conduction during Cardiac Compression in Rabbits with Bupivacaine-Induced Cardiovascular Collapse.

Bupivacaine inhibits cardiac conduction and contractility. Insulin enhances cardiac repolarization and myocardial contractility. We hypothesizes that insulin therapy would be effective in resuscitating bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity in rabbits.

Anxiolytics reduce residual dizziness after successful canalith repositioning maneuvers in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Conclusions: This study suggests that adjuvant anti-anxiety medication may be helpful for patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) even after a successful canalith repositioning procedure (CRP).

Objective: Although the CRP is an effective treatment for BPPV, many patients suffer from persistent dizziness despite successful CRPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant anxiolytic medication on residual dizziness after successful CRP.

Clinical significance of the pattern of lymph node metastasis depending on the location of gastric cancer.

Purpose: When performing a laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy, a function-preserving gastrectomy is performed depending on the location of the primary gastric cancer. This study examined the incidence of lymph node metastasis by the lymph node station number by tumor location to determine the optimal extent of the lymph node dissection.

Materials And Methods: The subjects consisted of 1,510 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who underwent a gastrectomy between 1996 and 2005.