Atezolizumab, bevacizumab, pemetrexed and platinum for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients after EGFR TKI failure: A phase II study with immune cell profile analysis.

Background: Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) remains a significant hurdle for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly those lacking the EGFR. IMpower 150 study demonstrated promising efficacy for a combination of immune-chemotherapy and bevacizumab in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Methods: This open-label, single-arm, phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and immune cell profile of the modified regimen combining atezolizumab, bevacizumab (7.

Clinical utility and predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA profiling in non-small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis.

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a challenging complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers insights into resistance mechanisms and potential treatment strategies. We conducted a study from February 2022 to April 2023 involving patients from five hospitals in Taiwan who had recurrent or advanced NSCLC with LM.

Early prediction of mortality upon intensive care unit admission.

Background: We aimed to develop and validate models for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality of critically ill adult patients as early as upon ICU admission.

Methods: Combined data of 79,657 admissions from two teaching hospitals' ICU databases were used to train and validate the machine learning models to predict ICU mortality upon ICU admission and at 24 h after ICU admission by using logistic regression, gradient boosted trees (GBT), and deep learning algorithms.

Results: In the testing dataset for the admission models, the ICU mortality rate was 7%, and 38.

PD-L1 expression and immune profiling cannot predict osimertinib efficacy in lung cancer with EGFR T790 M mutation: A translational study.

Background: PD-L1 is associated with poor efficacy of first- or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in untreated EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whether PD-L1 is also predictive of osimertinib efficacy in pre-treated patients with an acquired EGFR T790 M mutation is unclear.

Patients And Methods: PD-L1 expression and tumor microenvironments were evaluated in tumors from EGFR-mutant T790 M + NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib.

Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Molecular Changes During Early Progression of Precancerous Lesions to Lung Adenocarcinoma in Never-Smokers.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality globally, and the prevalence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common lung cancer subtype, has increased sharply in East Asia. Early diagnosis leads to better survival rates, but this requires an improved understanding of the molecular changes during early tumorigenesis, particularly in non-smokers. Here, we performed whole exome-sequencing and RNA-sequencing of samples from 94 East Asian patients with precancerous lesions (25 with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia [AAH]; 69 with adenocarcinoma in situ [AIS]) and 73 patients with early invasive lesions (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma [MIA]).

Real-world analysis of survival outcomes in advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients treated with platinum-pemetrexed after EGFR-TKI treatment failure.

Introduction: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR-activating mutations in the first-line setting. Despite initial efficacy, resistance to EGFR-TKIs often develops, and platinum-based chemotherapy is the predominant subsequent treatment. For this study, we aimed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients receiving platinum-pemetrexed after progression on EGFR-TKIs.

The clinical impacts of lung microbiome in bronchiectasis with fixed airflow obstruction: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Airflow obstruction is a hallmark of disease severity and prognosis in bronchiectasis. The relationship between lung microbiota, airway inflammation, and outcomes in bronchiectasis with fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) remains unclear. This study explores these interactions in bronchiectasis patients, with and without FAO, and compares them to those diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Microbial dynamics, risk factors and outcomes of secondary pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Secondary pneumonia has a significant clinical impact on critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Aim: Considering potential geographic variations, this study explores the clinical implications of secondary pneumonia within East Asian populations.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study enrolled critical COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care units (ICUs) admission in Taiwan from December 31, 2020, to June 1, 2022.

Entrectinib in ROS1-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the phase 2/3 BFAST trial.

Although comprehensive biomarker testing is recommended for all patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before initiation of first-line treatment, tissue availability can limit testing. Genomic testing in liquid biopsies can be utilized to overcome the inherent limitations of tissue sampling and identify the most appropriate biomarker-informed treatment option for patients. The Blood First Assay Screening Trial is a global, open-label, multicohort trial that evaluates the efficacy and safety of multiple therapies in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC and targetable alterations identified by liquid biopsy.

Type 2 Biomarkers and Their Clinical Implications in Bronchiectasis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Bronchiectasis is predominantly marked by neutrophilic inflammation. The relevance of type 2 biomarkers in disease severity and exacerbation risk is poorly understood. This study explores the clinical significance of these biomarkers in bronchiectasis patients.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis-related susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.

The role of gut microbiota in host defense against nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) was poorly understood. Here, we showed significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with NTM-LD. Reduced abundance of was significantly associated with NTM-LD and its disease severity.

Real-world osimertinib pretreatment experience in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor T790M mutation-positive locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Osimertinib has demonstrated efficacy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical trials. However, real-world data on its effectiveness remain scarce. Taiwanese patients with T790M-positive locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC and progressive disease following treatment with at least one EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) were enrolled from the osimertinib early access program.

Cross-site validation of lung cancer diagnosis by electronic nose with deep learning: a multicenter prospective study.

Background: Although electronic nose (eNose) has been intensively investigated for diagnosing lung cancer, cross-site validation remains a major obstacle to be overcome and no studies have yet been performed.

Methods: Patients with lung cancer, as well as healthy control and diseased control groups, were prospectively recruited from two referral centers between 2019 and 2022. Deep learning models for detecting lung cancer with eNose breathprint were developed using training cohort from one site and then tested on cohort from the other site.

Lung fluid content during 6MWT in patients with COPD with and without comorbid heart failure.

Background: Impact of lung fluid content changing during exercise has not been investigated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using a novel point-of-care measurement system (remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) system), we aimed to investigate changes in lung fluid content before and after 6-minute walk test (6MWT); especially, differences between patients with and without comorbid heart failure (HF) were evaluated.

Methods: From June 2021 to July 2022, patients with COPD referred for 6MWT were prospectively enrolled.

Immunometabolic features of natural killer cells are associated with infection outcomes in critical illness.

Immunosuppression increases the risk of nosocomial infection in patients with chronic critical illness. This exploratory study aimed to determine the immunometabolic signature associated with nosocomial infection during chronic critical illness. We prospectively recruited patients who were admitted to the respiratory care center and who had received mechanical ventilator support for more than 10 days in the intensive care unit.

The long-term outcome of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Pulmonary endarterectomy and balloon pulmonary angioplasty.

Background: The long-term outcome on patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has not been ideal after standard medical treatment. However, good outcome for patients with CTEPH after interventions such as pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) and balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PEA or BPA on long-term outcomes for CTEPH patients in Han-Chinese population.

Increased Tuberculosis Reactivation Risk in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Therapy.

Objective: Reports of tuberculosis (TB) during anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasing. However, it is not clear whether the use of ICIs is a significant risk factor for TB, including reactivation or latent TB infection (LTBI).

Methods: To determine the risk of TB reactivation in patients with lung cancer who use ICIs or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we conducted a retrospective study using a hospital-based cancer registry.

The impact of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in critically ill patients: Significance for survival and ventilator use.

Background: This study investigates the impact of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) on mortality and mechanical ventilation use in critically ill patients.

Methods: We enrolled patients with NTM-LD or tuberculosis (TB) in intensive care units (ICU) and analysed their association with 30-day mortality and with mechanical ventilator-free survival (VFS) at 30 days after ICU admission.

Results: A total of 5996 ICU-admitted patients were included, of which 541 (9.

Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using Blood-Based Circulating Tumor DNA Assay: Findings From the BFAST Database of a Single Center in Taiwan.

Purpose: The Blood First Assay Screening Trial (BFAST) is a prospective study using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in treatment-naïve advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared liquid biopsy to tissue testing and analyzed genomic alterations in Taiwanese patients with NSCLC using the BFAST database.

Materials And Methods: A total of 269 patients underwent FoundationOne Liquid Companion Diagnostic (F1LCDx) assay at the National Taiwan University Hospital, of whom 264 underwent tissue-based genetic testing also.