Evaluation of Formalin-Inactivated Vaccine Efficacy against Red Seabream Iridovirus (RSIV) in Laboratory and Field Conditions.

Red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) is a major cause of marine fish mortality in Korea, with no effective vaccine available since its first occurrence in the 1990s. This study evaluated the efficacy of a formalin-killed vaccine against RSIV in rock bream under laboratory and field conditions. For the field trial, a total of 103,200 rock bream from two commercial marine cage-cultured farms in Southern Korea were vaccinated.

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from skin abscesses of native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae).

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from skin abscesses of Korean native black goats (KNBG, Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea.

Methods And Results: A total of 83 isolates were recovered from skin abscesses of KNBG. Of these isolates, 74 isolates were identified as C.

An indirect competitive assay-based aptasensor for detection of oxytetracycline in milk.

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a common antibacterial agent used for the control of animal diseases. OTC abuse can seriously affect human health; therefore, we developed a biosensor using single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers for the detection of OTC. The binding probe aptamers for OTC were selected by a Systematic Evolution of Ligands by the exponential enrichment (SELEX) process and identified by the enzyme-linked aptamer assay (ELAA).

Characterization of Kunitz-type protease inhibitor purified from hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae.

We characterized a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (Gm KTPI) obtained from the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae immunized with Escherichia coli. The structural analysis of the cloned cDNA showed that it consists of 56 residues derived from the precursor of 75 amino acids. The peptide was constitutively produced in the fat bodies, but not in the midgut nor the integument of larvae.

An insect multiligand recognition protein functions as an opsonin for the phagocytosis of microorganisms.

We characterize a novel pathogen recognition protein obtained from the lepidopteran Galleria mellonella. This protein recognizes Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, and Candida albicans via specific binding to lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acid, and beta-1,3-glucan, respectively. As a multiligand receptor capable of coping with a broad variety of invading pathogens, it is constitutively produced in the fat body, midgut, and integument but not in the hemocytes and is secreted into the hemolymph.

Immune evasion of Enterococcus faecalis by an extracellular gelatinase that cleaves C3 and iC3b.

Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) accounts for most cases of enterococcal bacteremia, which is one of the principal causes of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI). Among several virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of Ef, an extracellular gelatinase (GelE) has been known to be the most common factor, although its virulence mechanisms, especially in association with human BSI, have yet to be demonstrated. In this study, we describe the complement resistance mechanism of Ef mediated by GelE.

cDNA cloning of halocidin and a new antimicrobial peptide derived from the N-terminus of Ci-META4.

Halocidin is an antimicrobial peptide, which is isolated from hemocytes from the tunicate, Halocynthiaaurantium. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of halocidin from pharyngeal tissue, using a combination of RT-PCR and 5'-RACE-PCR. The observed cDNA structure indicated that halocidin is synthesized as a 10.

Effects of two hemolymph proteins on humoral defense reactions in the wax moth, Galleria mellonella.

Two hemolymph proteins were isolated from the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, larvae by a two-step procedure consisting of acid extraction and reversed phase (RP)-HPLC. One was an apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) previously characterized as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein in the hemolymph of G. mellonella.

Purification and cDNA cloning of a cecropin-like peptide from the great wax moth, Galleria mellonella.

A cecropin-like antimicrobial peptide, Gm cecropin, was purified from hemolymph of larvae of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, immunized against E. coli, and its antibacterial activity was examined in a radial diffusion assay. The molecular mass of Gm cecropin was 4,160.

Biological activities of synthetic analogs of halocidin, an antimicrobial peptide from the tunicate Halocynthia aurantium.

Halocidin is a heterodimer antimicrobial peptide previously isolated from the tunicate Halocynthia aurantium. Based on the larger monomer (18Hc) of halocidin, nine halocidin congeners, including a series of 6 peptides truncated successively from the carboxyl-terminal end of 18Hc and 3 analogs (18HcKK, K19Hc, and K19HcKK), which have lysine residues in place of two internal histidines or have a lysine added to the amino terminus of the 18Hc molecule, were prepared. Each peptide was also converted into a homodimeric version.

A mark-release-recapture experiment with Anopheles sinensis in the northern part of Gyeonggi-do, Korea.

In order to study the range of flight and feeding activity of Anopheles sinensis, the dispersal experiment was conducted in Paju city, located in the northern part of Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, during the period of 7th to 28th September 1998. Unfed females An. sinensis were collected in cowshed and released after being marked with fluorescent dye at 23:00 hours on the same day.