Epidemiology of chronic noncommunicable diseases and evaluation of life quality in elderly.

Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death, accounting for 70% of global deaths. Also referred to as chronic diseases, NCDs mainly include cardiovascular disease (such as heart disease and stroke), cancer, chronic respiratory disease (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and diabetes. The incidence of NCDs is rising over time, becoming one of the most important threats to human health.

Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in pooled poultry environmental samples using a serotype-specific real-time-polymerase chain reaction assay.

While real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) has been used as a rapid test for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in recent years, little research has been done to assess the feasibility of pooling poultry environmental samples with a Salmonella Enteritidis-specific RT PCR assay. Therefore the objective of this study was to compare RT PCR Salmonella Enteritidis detection in individual and pooled (in groups of two, three, and four) poultry environmental drag swab samples to traditional cultural methods. The drag swabs were collected from poultry facilities previously confirmed positive for Salmonella Enteritidis and were cultured according to National Poultry Improvement Plan guidelines.