Evaluating Decision Regret in Patients Who Have Undergone Sacral Neuromodulation.

Objective: To quantify decision regret in individuals who had undergone sacral neuromodulation (SNM). Secondary objectives evaluated for correlation of subjects' regret score with symptom relief, complications, device explant status, or military deployment status.

Methods: Each subject's decision regret was assessed via a telephone survey utilizing a validated decision regret tool, and regret scores were calculated.

A Potential Role of , , and in Pharyngeal Pouch Formation in Zebrafish.

In vertebrates, Fgf signaling is essential for the development of pharyngeal pouches, which controls facial skeletal development. Genetically, and are required for pouch formation in mice and zebrafish. However, loss-of-function phenotypes of and are milder than expected in mice and zebrafish, which suggests that an additional gene(s) would be involved in pouch formation.

A Feasible Role of Neuropilin Signaling in Pharyngeal Pouch Formation in Zebrafish.

Pharyngeal pouches are an important epithelial structure controlling facial skeletal development in vertebrates. A series of pouches arise sequentially in the pharyngeal endoderm through collective cell migration followed by rearrangement of pouch-forming cells. While crucial transcription factors and signaling molecules have been identified in pouch formation, a role for Neuropilins (Nrps) in pouch development has not yet been analyzed in any vertebrates.

inka1b expression in the head mesoderm is dispensable for facial cartilage development.

Inka box actin regulator 1 (Inka1) is a novel protein identified in Xenopus and is found in vertebrates. While Inka1 is required for facial skeletal development in Xenopus and zebrafish, it is dispensable in mice despite its conserved expression in the cranial neural crest, indicating that Inka1 function in facial skeletal development is not conserved among vertebrates. Zebrafish bears two paralogs of inka1 (inka1a and inka1b) in the genome, with the biological roles of inka1b barely known.

Expression and Functional Analysis of cofilin1-like in Craniofacial Development in Zebrafish.

Pharyngeal pouches, a series of outgrowths of the pharyngeal endoderm, are a key epithelial structure governing facial skeleton development in vertebrates. Pouch formation is achieved through collective cell migration and rearrangement of pouch-forming cells controlled by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. While essential transcription factors and signaling molecules have been identified in pouch formation, regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics have not been reported yet in any vertebrates.

Long noncoding RNAs associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a high cholesterol diet adult zebrafish model.

The mechanism of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been completely revealed. In this study, we investigated the association of liver histological changes and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the NAFLD zebrafish model. Forty zebrafish were fed a high-cholesterol diet (1.

expression in the pharyngeal pouch is dispensable for craniofacial development.

Epidermal growth factor-like domain multiple 6 (Egfl6) is a basement membrane protein and plays an important role in hair follicle morphogenesis, angiogenesis, notochord development in vertebrates. Although expression in the developing head was observed in zebrafish, its role for craniofacial development and the determination of the pharyngeal region expressing , have not been reported yet. Here, we report the expression patterns and function of in craniofacial development in zebrafish.

Transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines that have revolutionized biomedical research.

Since its debut in the biomedical research fields in 1981, zebrafish have been used as a vertebrate model organism in more than 40,000 biomedical research studies. Especially useful are zebrafish lines expressing fluorescent proteins in a molecule, intracellular organelle, cell or tissue specific manner because they allow the visualization and tracking of molecules, intracellular organelles, cells or tissues of interest in real time and in vivo. In this review, we summarize representative transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines that have revolutionized biomedical research on signal transduction, the craniofacial skeletal system, the hematopoietic system, the nervous system, the urogenital system, the digestive system and intracellular organelles.

Pharyngeal endoderm expression of nanos1 is dispensable for craniofacial development.

Nanos proteins are essential for developing primordial germ cells (PGCs) in both invertebrates and vertebrates. In invertebrates, also contribute to the patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo and the neural development. In vertebrates, however, besides the role of Nanos proteins in PGC development, the biological functions of the proteins in normal development have not yet been identified.

The extracellular matrix molecules versican and hyaluronan in urethral and vaginal tissues in stress urinary incontinence.

Purpose: Abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) changes are correlated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The ECM components versican (Vcan) and hyaluronan (HA) play key roles in regulating tissue inflammation and maintaining connective tissue homeostasis. We analyzed the localization and expression of these ECM components in urethral and vaginal tissues from a rat model of urinary incontinence and from human clinical specimens.

A pair-rule function of odd-skipped in germband stages of Tribolium development.

While pair-rule patterning has been observed in most insects examined, the orthologs of Drosophila pair-rule genes have shown divergent roles in insect segmentation. In the beetle Tribolium castaneum, while odd-skipped (Tc-odd) was expressed as a series of pair-rule stripes, RNAi-mediated knockdown of Tc-odd (Tc-odd) resulted in severely truncated, almost asegmental phenotypes rather than the classical pair-rule phenotypes observed in germbands and larval cuticles. However, considering that most segments arise later in germband stages of Tribolium development, the roles of Tc-odd in segmentation of growing germbands could not be analyzed properly in the truncated Tc-odd germbands.

even-skipped acts as a pair-rule gene in germ band stages of Tribolium development.

The pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve) is essential for insect segmentation, yet its function varies among insect clades. While loss of eve results in typical pair-rule phenotypes in Drosophila, knock-down of eve orthologs shows segmental, gap-like, or asegmental phenotypes in non-Drosophila insects. In Tribolium, knock-down of the eve ortholog (Tc-eve) resulted in a graded phenotypic series ranging from strong to weak, the most informative of which was intermediate phenotypes.

Beyond Data Capture: A Single Institutional Experience with Establishing a Pelvic Floor Surgery Web Based Database.

Introduction: The American Urological Association has highlighted the need for complete and long-term data collection in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. We describe our institution's experience with transitioning our pelvic floor surgery database to a secure web based platform. In this article we share this experience and its challenges to help facilitate the process for other institutions.

Functional analysis of engrailed in Tribolium segmentation.

The segment-polarity gene engrailed is required for segmentation in the early Drosophila embryo. Loss of Engrailed function results in segmentation defects that vary in severity from pair-rule phenotypes to a lawn phenotype lacking in obvious of segmentation. During segmentation, Engrailed is expressed in stripes with a single segmental periodicity in Drosophila, which is conserved in all arthropods examined so far.

A Role for in the Early Head and Trunk Development in the Beetle .

Thehead gap gene () is required for the patterning of head segments in the early embryo. Mutant phenotypes of display a gap-like phenotype in which antennal, intercalary, mandibular and the anterior portion of the maxillary segmentsare eliminated. In agreement with the phenotypes, is expressed in a stripe covering the head segments at the blastoderm stage.

Expression of teneurin-m/odd Oz during segmentation in the beetle Tribolium castaneum.

The pair-rule gene teneurin-m/odd Oz (ten-m/odz) is required for the patterning of alternate segment boundaries in the early Drosophila embryo. Mutant phenotypes of ten-m/odz display a typical pair-rule phenotype in which odd-numbered segments are eliminated. Consistent with its pair-rule function, Ten-m/Odz protein is expressed in a seven-stripe pattern before the onset of gastrulation.

Foxi1 promotes late-stage pharyngeal pouch morphogenesis through ectodermal Wnt4a activation.

The pharyngeal pouches are a series of epithelial outgrowths of the foregut endoderm. Pharyngeal pouches segment precursors of the vertebrate face into pharyngeal arches and pattern the facial skeleton. These pouches fail to develop normally in zebrafish foxi1 mutants, yet the role Foxi1 plays in pouch development remains to be determined.

Regulation and function of odd-paired in Tribolium segmentation.

The pair-rule gene odd-paired (opa) is required for the patterning of alternate segment boundaries in the early Drosophila embryo. Mutant phenotypes of opa display a typical pair-rule phenotype in which most of each odd-numbered denticle belt is eliminated. However, among the nine Drosophila pair-rule genes, opa is the only gene that is not expressed in stripes with double segmental periodicity; its transcript and protein are expressed in a broad domain within segmenting embryos.

Robot-assisted vasovasostomy using a single layer anastomosis.

Of all patients who have vasectomies performed in the United States, upwards of 6% will pursue a vasectomy reversal. Currently, the gold-standard reversal procedure is a microscopic vasovasostomy utilizing either a one or two-layer vasal anastomosis. Unfortunately, most urologists do not perform these procedures as they require extensive training and experience in microsurgery.

Dynamic epithelia of the developing vertebrate face.

A segmental series of endoderm-derived pouch and ectoderm-derived cleft epithelia act as signaling centers in the developing face. Their precise morphogenesis is therefore essential for proper patterning of the vertebrate head. Intercellular adhesion and polarity are highly dynamic within developing facial epithelial cells, with signaling from the adjacent mesenchyme controlling both epithelial character and directional migration.

Eph-Pak2a signaling regulates branching of the pharyngeal endoderm by inhibiting late-stage epithelial dynamics.

Branching morphogenesis depends on the precise temporal and spatial control of epithelial dynamics. In the vertebrate head, endodermal branches, called pharyngeal pouches, form through the transient stratification, collective migration and reorganization of epithelial cells into bilayers. Here, we report novel requirements for the EphrinB ligands B2a and B3b, the Ephb4a receptor and the Pak2a kinase in the development of pouches and the posterior facial skeleton that depends on pouches for its segmentation.

Tbx1 controls the morphogenesis of pharyngeal pouch epithelia through mesodermal Wnt11r and Fgf8a.

The pharyngeal pouches are a segmental series of epithelial structures that organize the embryonic vertebrate face. In mice and zebrafish that carry mutations in homologs of the DiGeorge syndrome gene TBX1, a lack of pouches correlates with severe craniofacial defects, yet how Tbx1 controls pouch development remains unclear. Using mutant and transgenic rescue experiments in zebrafish, we show that Tbx1 functions in the mesoderm to promote the morphogenesis of pouch-forming endoderm through wnt11r and fgf8a expression.

Wnt-dependent epithelial transitions drive pharyngeal pouch formation.

The pharyngeal pouches, which form by budding of the foregut endoderm, are essential for segmentation of the vertebrate face. To date, the cellular mechanism and segmental nature of such budding have remained elusive. Here, we find that Wnt11r and Wnt4a from the head mesoderm and ectoderm, respectively, play distinct roles in the segmental formation of pouches in zebrafish.

An innovative wound retractor/protector for prosthetic urologic surgery.

Objective: We demonstrate an innovative use of a barrier surgical wound retractor/protector system for use in a variety of prosthetic urologic procedures (penile prosthetics, artificial urinary sphincters, male slings).

Materials And Methods: We demonstrate the use of a self-retaining ring wound retractor in a multitude of prosthetic urological procedures: insertion of an inflatable penile prosthesis through an infrapubic approach as well as penoscrotal approach, placement of a transperineal artificial urinary sphincter, and placement of a male urethral sling.

Results: The self-retaining ring wound retractor facilitated a more rapid setup and takedown, provided 360 degrees of atraumatic retraction as well as 360 degrees of wound protection, allowed for maximum exposure with a minimum incision size, significantly shortened the operating wound depth thus maximizing exposure, and isolated the surgical field minimizing prosthesis to skin contact.