Development of PCR-based markers for identification of wheat HMW glutenin Glu-1Bx and Glu-1By alleles.

Background: In common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), allelic variations in the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits Glu-B1 locus have important effects on grain end-use quality. The Glu-B1 locus consists of two tightly linked genes encoding x- and y-type subunits that exhibit highly variable frequencies.

Toward reducing the immunogenic potential of wheat flour: identification and characterization of wheat lines missing omega-5 gliadins encoded by the 1D chromosome.

Eleven wheat lines that are missing genes for the 1D-encoded omega-5 gliadins will facilitate breeding efforts to reduce the immunogenic potential of wheat flour for patients susceptible to wheat allergy. Efforts to reduce the levels of allergens in wheat flour that cause wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis are complicated by the presence of genes encoding omega-5 gliadins on both chromosomes 1B and 1D of hexaploid wheat. In this study, we screened 665 wheat germplasm samples using gene specific DNA markers for omega-5 gliadins encoded by the genes on 1D chromosome that were obtained from the reference wheat Chinese Spring.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Arabinoxylan Content from a 562 Hexaploid Wheat Collection.

The selection of wheat varieties with high arabinoxylan (AX) levels could effectively improve the daily consumption of dietary fiber. However, studies on the selection of markers for AX levels are scarce. This study analyzed AX levels in 562 wheat genotypes collected from 46 countries using a GWAS with the BLINK model in the GAPIT3.

Comparison of Gene Expression Changes in Three Wheat Varieties with Different Susceptibilities to Heat Stress Using RNA-Seq Analysis.

Wheat is highly susceptible to heat stress, which significantly reduces grain yield. In this study, we used RNA-seq technology to analyze the transcript expression at three different time-points after heat treatment in three cultivars differing in their susceptibility to heat stress: Jopum, Keumkang, and Olgeuru. A total of 11,751, 8850, and 14,711; 10,959, 7946, and 14,205; and 22,895, 13,060, and 19,408 differentially-expressed genes (log2 fold-change > 1 and FDR (padj) < 0.

Evaluation of Allergenicity on a ω-5 Gliadin-Deficient Cultivar in Wheat-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis.

Purpose: ω-5 gliadin is the major allergen that causes wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). Recently, a missing mutant wheat cultivar at 1B chromosome and closely linked was bred. This cultivar (ω5D) has a deficiency in ω-5 and γ-gliadins as well as some low-molecular-weight glutenins.

Identification of genetic loci associated with major agronomic traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on genome-wide association analysis.

Background: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely consumed cereal crops, but its complex genome makes it difficult to investigate the genetic effect on important agronomic traits. Genome-wide association (GWA) analysis is a useful method to identify genetic loci controlling complex phenotypic traits.

High-throughput analysis of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits in 665 wheat genotypes using an optimized MALDI-TOF-MS method.

Unlabelled: Gluten protein composition determines the rheological characteristics of wheat dough and is influenced by variable alleles with distinct effects on processing properties. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), we determined the high-molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition of 665 wheat genotypes employed in breeding programs in South Korea. We identified 22 HMW-GS alleles, including 3 corresponding to the locus, 14 to , and 5 to .

Virus-like Particle (VLP) Mediated Antigen Delivery as a Sensitization Tool of Experimental Allergy Mouse Models.

Antigen delivery systems play critical roles in determining the quality and quantity of Ab responses . Induction of protective antibodies by B cells is essential in the development of vaccines against infectious pathogens, whereas production of IgE antibodies is prerequisite for investigation of allergic responses, or type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are efficient platforms for expression of proteins of interest in highly repetitive manners, which grants strong Ab responses to target antigens.

Peptide transporter2 (PTR2) enhances water uptake during early seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana.

PTR2 in Arabidopsis thaliana is negatively regulated by ABI4 and plays a key role in water uptake by seeds, ensuring that imbibed seeds proceed to germination. Peptide transporters (PTRs) transport nitrogen-containing substrates in a proton-dependent manner. Among the six PTRs in Arabidopsis thaliana, the physiological role of the tonoplast-localized, seed embryo abundant PTR2 is unknown.

Bacillus subtilis strain L1 promotes nitrate reductase activity in Arabidopsis and elicits enhanced growth performance in Arabidopsis, lettuce, and wheat.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that promote plants growth in the rhizosphere. PGPRs are involved in various mechanisms that reinforce plant development. In this study, we screened for PGPRs that were effective in early growth of Arabidopsis thaliana when added to the media and one Bacillus subtilis strain L1 (Bs L1) was selected for further study.

Constructing a Reference Genome in a Single Lab: The Possibility to Use Oxford Nanopore Technology.

The whole genome sequencing (WGS) has become a crucial tool in understanding genome structure and genetic variation. The MinION sequencing of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) is an excellent approach for performing WGS and it has advantages in comparison with other Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): It is relatively inexpensive, portable, has simple library preparation, can be monitored in real-time, and has no theoretical limits on reading length. (L.

Towards reducing the immunogenic potential of wheat flour: omega gliadins encoded by the D genome of hexaploid wheat may also harbor epitopes for the serious food allergy WDEIA.

Background: Omega-5 gliadins are a group of highly repetitive gluten proteins in wheat flour encoded on the 1B chromosome of hexaploid wheat. These proteins are the major sensitizing allergens in a severe form of food allergy called wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). The elimination of omega-5 gliadins from wheat flour through biotechnology or breeding approaches could reduce the immunogenic potential and adverse health effects of the flour.

Comparative Pathogenicity of Isolates from Wheat Kernels in Korea.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by species is a major disease of wheat and barley around the world. FHB causes yield reductions and contamination of grains with trichothecene mycotoxins including; nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 15-acetylde-oxynivalenol (15-ADON). The objectives of this study were to identify strains of isolated in Korea from 2012-harvested wheat grain and to test the pathogenicity of these NIV- and DON-producing isolates.

Enhanced anthocyanin accumulation confers increased growth performance in plants under low nitrate and high salt stress conditions owing to active modulation of nitrate metabolism.

Plants require nitrogen (N) for growth and development. However, they are frequently exposed to conditions of nitrogen deficiency. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation is induced under salt stress and nitrate deficiency.

Quality Improvement and Antioxidant Activity of Sugar-Snap Cookies Prepared Using Blends of Cereal Flour.

In this study, we investigated the changes in quality and antioxidant activity of sugar-snap cookies prepared with different blends of refined wheat (WHF) and oat flour (OAF). The crude protein contents of OAF and WHF were 12.24% and 7.

Dual role of SND1 facilitates efficient communication between abiotic stress signalling and normal growth in Arabidopsis.

Certain plant cells synthesize secondary cell walls besides primary cell walls. This biosynthesis is strictly controlled by an array of transcription factors. Here, we show that SND1, a regulator of cell-wall biosynthesis, regulates abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis to ensure optimal plant growth.

Evaluation of a Rapid Method for Screening Heat Stress Tolerance Using Three Korean Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars.

Thermotolerance in plants is a topic of concern given the current trends in global warming. Here, we aimed to develop a rapid and reproducible screening method for selection of heat stress-tolerant wheat varieties to expedite the breeding process. We tested the robustness of the screen in three Korean wheat cultivars, "BackJung", "KeumKang", and "ChoKyeong".

Effects of γ-irradiation on the quality changes of fresh noodles prepared from wheat cultivated with N-fertilization treatments.

Quality changes of fresh noodles prepared from wheat cultivated with N-fertilization treatments, followed by γ-irradiation were investigated. The protein content of the KPS60 was the highest of all treated samples, and protein contents of wheat cultivated with N-fertilizer was increased. γ-Irradiation did not affect the protein contents of the samples.

Classification of 31 Korean Wheat ( L.) Cultivars Based on the Chemical Compositions.

Whole grain wheat flour (WGWF) is the entire grain (bran, endosperm, and germ) milled to make flour. The WGWF of 31 Korean wheat ( L.) cultivars were analyzed for the chemical compositions, and classified into groups by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCL).

Effects of different fertilization treatments on the physicochemical and noodle-making properties of Korean winter wheat cultivars.

Changes in the quality of white salted noodles prepared with different types of Korean winter wheat were examined. Crude protein and amylose contents of various wheat cultivars ranged from 7.17 to 9.

Comprehensive identification of LMW-GS genes and their protein products in a common wheat variety.

Although it is well known that low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) from wheat affect bread and noodle processing quality, the function of specific LMW-GS proteins remains unclear. It is important to find the genes that correspond to individual LMW-GS proteins in order to understand the functions of specific proteins. The objective of this study was to link LMW-GS genes and haplotypes characterized using well known Glu-A3, Glu-B3, and Glu-D3 gene-specific primers to their protein products in a single wheat variety.

A wheat R2R3-MYB protein PURPLE PLANT1 (TaPL1) functions as a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Transcriptional activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in vegetative tissues of monocotyledonous plants is mediated by cooperative activity of one component from each of the following two transcription factor families: MYB encoded by PURPLE PLANT1/COLORED ALEURONE1 (PL1/C1), and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) encoded by RED/BOOSTER (R1/B1). In the present study, putative PL cDNA was cloned from the wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Iksan370, which preferentially expresses anthocyanins in coleoptiles. Phylogenetic tree analysis of deduced amino acid sequences showed that a putative TaPL1 is highly homologous to barley (Hordeum vulgare) HvPL1, but is distinct from wheat TaC1.

A Simple Method for the Assessment of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Korean Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium head blight (FHB; scab) caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat and barley around the world. FHB causes yield reductions and contamination of grain with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) which are a major health concern for humans and animals. The objective of this research was to develop an easy seed or seedling inoculation assay, and to compare these assays with whole plant resistance of twenty-nine Korean winter wheat cultivars to FHB.

Mineral compositions of korean wheat cultivars.

Twenty-nine Korean wheat cultivars were analyzed for 8 important minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, K, Mg and P) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to classify wheat cultivars, which has a similarity in mineral compositions. The concentration ranges of the micro-minerals Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn: 0.