Medicinal Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus TM02® (Agaricomycetes) Sclerotia Supplementation Mitigates Hypertension and Alleviates Vascular Dysfunction Partly through Oxidative Stress Modulation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden (also known as tiger milk mushroom), has been reported to exhibit a range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidative, immunomodulatory and anti-asthmatic activities. Thus far, there is limited research that has explored its ability to mediate vascular effects in vivo.

Evidence to support cultivated fruiting body of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota)'s role in relaxing airway smooth muscle.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis) is a genus of Ascomycete fungus that is endemic to the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau and adjoining Himalayas. It has been used traditionally as a tonic to improve respiratory health in ancient China as well as to promote vitality and longevity.

Comparative Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Heat-Assisted Cold Water Extractions of Six Medicinal Fungi against Breast and Lung Cancer Cells.

Research Background: Preparation of medicinal fungi for experimental purposes usually involves the extraction and determination of the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds prior to the biological experiment. Water, a common polar solvent, is usually used for traditional preparations for consumption. The application of high temperatures during water extraction can affect the chemical composition and functional properties of the extracts.

Comparative analysis of medicinal attributes between and its sister species.

holds promise for exploration given its morphological likeness to the renowned , or tiger milk mushroom. Investigating its potential medicinal and industrial applications addresses a significant knowledge gap in this field. A comparative analysis with other species and cultivars provides insights into biopharmacological potential.

RNA-seq transcriptome and pathway analysis of the medicinal mushroom Lignosus tigris (Polyporaceae) offer insights into its bioactive compounds with anticancer and antioxidant potential.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Medicinal mushrooms belonging to the Lignosus spp., colloquially known as Tiger Milk mushrooms (TMMs), are used as traditional medicine by communities across various regions of China and Southeast Asia to enhance immunity and to treat various diseases. At present, three Lignosus species have been identified in Malaysia: L.

In vivo anti-tumor activity of Lignosus rhinocerus TM02® using a MCF7-xenograft NCr nude mice model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden (also known as Tiger Milk mushroom, TMM), is a basidiomycete belonging to the Polyporaceae family. It has been documented to be used by traditional Chinese physicians and indigenous people in Southeast Asia to treat a variety of illnesses, such as gastritis, arthritis, and respiratory conditions, as well as to restore patients' physical well-being. TMM has also been used in folk medicine to treat cancer.

Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Use to Strengthen Respiratory Health during and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.

COVID-19 infection has been a key threat to the public health system globally, with an estimated 248 million cases worldwide. COVID-19 patients are subject to a higher risk of developing chronic respiratory disorders that are closely associated with long-term disability, multi-morbidity, and premature mortality. Although there have been recent advancements in respiratory treatment regimens, there has also been increased interest in the use of medicinal mushrooms in bridging the unaddressed pathways of action within the treatment algorithms.

In Vitro Inhibition of Melanin Formation and Enhancement of Collagen Production by a Mushroom Sclerotial Water Extract from the Tiger Milk Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerus (Agaricomycetes), with No Skin and Eye Irritation.

Lignosus rhinocerus has bioactive properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiglycation, and immunomodulatory effects, that are beneficial to the skin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of cosmeceutical compounds, including linoleates, ascorbic acid dipalmitate, and all-trans-squalene, in the mushroom sclerotium. We further investigated the depigmentation and antiaging activities of L.

Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota), Cold-Water Extract Relaxes the Rat Isolated Bladder.

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a popular medicinal mushroom used for various health conditions, including alleviation of frequent urination, which is a major symptom of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of O. sinensis (OCS02 cultivar) cold-water extract (CWE) against bladder contractility using the organ bath technique.

Immunomodulatory Effect and an Intervention of TNF Signalling Leading to Apoptotic and Cell Cycle Arrest on ORL-204 Oral Cancer Cells by Tiger Milk Mushroom, .

Research Background: Tiger milk mushroom () is a medicinal mushroom that is geographically distributed in the region of South China, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Consumption of its sclerotium has been reported to treat various ailments. However, its anticancer potential towards oral cancer cell lines is yet to be determined considering the traditional method of its consumption by biting/chewing of the sclerotium.

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects and Identification of Bioactive Proteins Using Shotgun Proteomic Analysis.

Research Background: a highly valued medicinal fungus, is close to extinction due to overexploitation. Successful cultivation of fruiting body (OCS02®) shows that the cultivar has a promising nutritional value and numerous bioactive compounds. Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties and biologically active proteins of the OCS02® are investigated for possible development into nutraceuticals.

Restitution of epithelial cells during intestinal mucosal wound healing: The effect of a polysaccharide from the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden cultivar TM02, also known as tiger's milk mushroom, is regarded as important folk medicine in Malaysia, while is used for the treatment of liver cancer, chronic hepatitis, gastric ulcer in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is no compilation of scientific evidence that its protection for gastric, and no attempts have been made to understand how polysaccharides in Lignosus rhinocerotis might promote intestinal mucosal wound healing.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of β-glucan prepared from L.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Extracted from the Fruiting Body of Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis Cultivar OCS02® (Ascomycetes).

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (=Cordyceps sinensis) has been known for its various medicinal properties, in particular immunomodulatory activities associated with its polysaccharides. In this study, the fruiting body of O. sinensis cultivar OCS02® was investigated for its chemical composition and monosaccharide profile.

Proteins from with selective apoptotic cytotoxicity towards MCF7 cell line and suppresses MCF7-xenograft tumor growth.

Background: , a recently discovered species of the unique family, has been traditionally used by the indigenous communities in Peninsular Malaysia to treat various ailments and as an alternative medicine for cancer treatment. The cultivar sclerotia (Ligno TG-K) was found to contain numerous bioactive compounds with beneficial biomedicinal properties and the sclerotial extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity. However, the anticancer property of the Ligno TG-K including in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects as well as its anticancer active compounds and the mechanisms has yet to be investigated.

Nutritional evaluation on Lignosus cameronensis C. S. Tan, a medicinal Polyporaceae.

Sclerotial powder of a cultivated species of the Tiger Milk Mushroom, Lignosus cameronensis was analysed for its nutritional components and compared against species of the same genus, Lignosus rhinocerus and Lignosus tigris. All three species have been used by indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia as medicinal mushrooms. Content of carbohydrate, fibre, mineral, amino acid, palatable index, fat, ash and moisture were determined.

Nutrient and Chemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies of a Cultivar of the Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycetes).

A cultivar of fruiting bodies of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (FBOS; OCS02) was analyzed for nutrients, bioactive compounds, and heavy metal content to showcase its potential as a competitive, sustainable, and safe alternative to wild types and other cultivars. A previous 28-day subacute toxicity study showed that doses up to 1 g · kg-1 did not cause any adverse effects in Sprague-Dawley rats. The OCS02 cultivar contained large amounts of cordycepin, polysaccharides, and essential and semi-essential amino acids (0.

Data on the water soluble sclerotial extract affecting intracellular calcium level in rat dorsal root ganglion cells.

The data in this article contain supporting evidence for the research manuscript entitled "Bronchodilator effects of extract on rat isolated airways is linked to the blockage of calcium entry" by Lee et al. (2018) [1]. The data were obtained by calcium imaging technique with fluorescent calcium indicator dyes, Fura 2-AM, to visualize calcium ion movement in the rat dorsal ganglion (DRG) cells.

Molecular attributes and apoptosis-inducing activities of a putative serine protease isolated from Tiger Milk mushroom () sclerotium against breast cancer cells .

Background: The highly valued medicinal tiger milk mushroom (also known as ) has the ability to cure numerous ailments. Its anticancer activities are well explored, and recently a partially purified cytotoxic protein fraction termed F5 from the mushroom's sclerotial cold water extract consisting mainly of fungal serine proteases was found to exhibit potent selective cytotoxicity against a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7) with IC value of 3.00 μg/ml.

Airway Relaxation Effects of Water-Soluble Sclerotial Extract From .

has a long history of use by the indigenous community within East Asia to treat a range of health conditions including asthma and chronic cough. To date, there is limited scientific evidence to support its therapeutic effects in relieving these airways conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of the different molecular weight fractions [high-molecular-weight (HMW), medium-molecular-weight (MMW), and low-molecular-weight (LMW)] obtained from the cold water sclerotial extract (CWE) of on airways patency using airway segments isolated from Sprague Dawley rat in an organ bath set-up.

Bronchodilator effects of Lignosus rhinocerotis extract on rat isolated airways is linked to the blockage of calcium entry.

Background: Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden is a popular medicinal mushroom used for centuries in Southeast Asia to treat asthma and chronic cough. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of this mushroom on airways patency.

Materials And Methods: The composition of L.

Inhibition of Protein Glycation by Tiger Milk Mushroom [ (Cooke) Ryvarden] and Search for Potential Anti-diabetic Activity-Related Metabolic Pathways by Genomic and Transcriptomic Data Mining.

Naturally occurring anti-glycation compounds have drawn much interest in recent years as they show potential in reducing or preventing the risk of chronic complications for diabetic patients. In this study, annotation of the genome-transcriptome data from tiger milk mushroom (, syn. ) to PlantCyc enzymes database identified transcripts that are related to anti-diabetic properties, and these include genes that are involved in carotenoid and abscisic acid biosynthesis as well as genes that code for glyoxalase I, catalase-peroxidases, and superoxide dismutases.

Antidiabetic Properties of the Tiger's Milk Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerotis (Agaricomycetes), in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although scientific evidence supporting its therapeutic efficacy is lacking, the use of the tiger's milk mushroom (TGM; Lignosus rhinocerotis), which is native to tropical areas such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, has been found to contain a very large amount of potential antioxidants. In this study, rats were weighed and then intravenously injected with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ).

Heterologous expression of cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis in yeast.

Background: Genome mining facilitated by heterologous systems is an emerging approach to access the chemical diversity encoded in basidiomycete genomes. In this study, three sesquiterpene synthase genes, GME3634, GME3638, and GME9210, which were highly expressed in the sclerotium of the medicinal mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis, were cloned and heterologously expressed in a yeast system.

Results: Metabolite profile analysis of the yeast culture extracts by GC-MS showed the production of several sesquiterpene alcohols (CHO), including cadinols and germacrene D-4-ol as major products.

Investigation of the Tiger Milk Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerotis (Agaricomycetes), as an Antiulcer Agent.

The aim of this study was to determine the antiulcer activity of Lignosus rhinocerotis in rats. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in ethanol-induced, aspirin-induced, and water immersion-restraint stress-induced ulcer models. Rats were equally divided into 4 groups for each model and orally administered 5 mL/kg distilled water, 20 mg/kg omeprazole, as well as 250 and 500 mg/kg of L.

Production of the virus-like particles of nipah virus matrix protein in Pichia pastoris as diagnostic reagents.

The matrix (M) protein of Nipah virus (NiV) is a peripheral protein that plays a vital role in the envelopment of nucleocapsid protein and acts as a bridge between the viral surface and the nucleocapsid proteins. The M protein is also proven to play an important role in production of virus-like particles (VLPs) and is essential for assembly and budding of NiV particles. The recombinant M protein produced in Escherichia coli assembled into VLPs in the absence of the viral surface proteins.