Cross-species RNAi therapy via AAV delivery alleviates neuropathic pain by targeting GCH1.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) expression is normally strictly controlled; however, its intracellular levels increase considerably following nerve damage. GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) plays a crucial role in regulating BH4 concentration, with an upregulation observed in the dorsal root ganglion in cases of neuropathic pain. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate the clinical potential of an RNA interference-based adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting GCH1 across various species to decrease BH4 levels and, consequently, alleviate neuropathic pain symptoms.

Intraoperative Prophylaxis with Palonosetron for Postoperative Nausea and/or Vomiting in Adults Undergoing Cardiothoracic Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Objective: This study assessed the efficacy of palonosetron, alone or with dexamethasone, in reducing postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) and its impact on hospitalization duration in patients who undergo adult cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) under general anesthesia.

Design: This retrospective analysis involved 540 adult patients who underwent CTS from a single-center cohort, spanning surgeries between September 2021 and March 2023. Sensitivity, logistic, and Cox regression analyses evaluated antiemetic effects, PONV risk factors, and outcomes.

Morphology and stability of mineralized carbon influenced by magnesium ions.

Ex situ mineralization of CO is a promising technology that employs Ca- and Mg-rich industrial wastes but it simultaneously produces end products. Although Mg is a major mineralization source, it can adversely impact carbonate precipitation and crystal stability during co-precipitation in combination with Ca. In this study, the effects of Mg ions on the mineralization process and its products were investigated using precipitates formed at different aqueous concentrations of Mg.

Adsorption of potentially harmful elements by metal-biochar prepared via Co-pyrolysis of coffee grounds and Nano Fe(III) oxides.

Nano Fe(III) oxide (FO) was used as an amendment material in CO-assisted pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and its impacts on the syngas (H & CO) generation and biochar adsorptive properties were investigated. Amendment of FO led to 153 and 682% increase of H and CO in pyrolytic process of SCG, respectively, which is deemed to arise from enhanced thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and oxygen transfer reaction mediated by FO. Incorporation of FO successfully created porous structure in the produced biochar.

Setting Behavior and Phase Evolution on Heat Treatment of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers Containing Calcium Hydroxide.

The setting behavior of geopolymers is affected by the type of source materials, alkali activators, mix formulations, and curing conditions. Calcium hydroxide is known to be an effective additive to shorten the setting period of geopolymers. However, there is still room for improvement in the understanding of the effect of calcium hydroxide on the setting and phase evolution of geopolymers.

Dose-Response Relationship and Threshold Drug Dosage Identification for a Novel Hybrid Mechanical-Thrombolytic System with an Ultra-Low Dose Patch.

Introduction: Ischemic stroke treatment has advanced in the last two decades and intravenous thrombolysis is now considered the standard of care for selected patients. Recanalization can also be achieved by mechanical endovascular treatment for patients with large vessel occlusions. Complicating treatment-related symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and prolonged needle-to-recanalization times have been identified as major determinants of poor three-month functional outcomes.

Computational simulation of cephalomedullary nailing in the osteoporotic Asian femur and clinical implications.

Purpose: To assess the conformity of PFNA-II® and introduce clinical implications of new cephalomedullary nail (CMN) by analyzing three-dimensional (3D) modeling with virtual implantation at the actual size.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four patients (average age; 79 years, range 68-94 years) who sustained the intertrochanteric fracture of the femur were enrolled in the present study. After importing into Mimics® software, the intact femurs on the opposite side were selected as cropping areas to reconstruct the 3D femur model with the medullary canal.

Three months extended-release microspheres prepared by multi-microchannel microfluidics in beagle dog models.

To evaluate in vivo drug release profiles in beagle dogs, finasteride-loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared using a novel method of IVL-PPF Microsphere® microfluidic device. Briefly, the dispersed phase (PLGA and finasteride in dichloromethane) was mixed with the continuous phase (0.25% w/v PVA aqueous solution) in the parallelized microchannels.

Correction: Efficient multiplexed genome engineering with a polycistronic tRNA and CRISPR guide-RNA reveals an important role of detonator in reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach for dose prediction of the optimal long-acting injectable formulation of finasteride.

A controlled drug release formulation based on the subcutaneous injection of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres loaded with finasteride was prepared and evaluated for monthly delivery. After selection of biodegradable polymer and polymer-to-finasteride ratio, the formulation was characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser-light particle size analysis were used to examine the morphology, surface structure, and particle size.

Efficient multiplexed genome engineering with a polycistronic tRNA and CRISPR guide-RNA reveals an important role of detonator in reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genome association studies in human and genetic studies in mouse implicated members of the transmembrane protein 132 (TMEM132) family in multiple conditions including panic disorder, hearing loss, limb and kidney malformation. However, the presence of five TMEM132 paralogs in mammalian genomes makes it extremely challenging to reveal the full requirement for these proteins in vivo. In contrast, there is only one TMEM132 homolog, detonator (dtn), in the genome of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, enabling straightforward research into its in vivo function.

Comparative Effects of Particle Sizes of Cobalt Nanoparticles to Nine Biological Activities.

The differences in the toxicity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co-NPs) of two different sizes were evaluated in the contexts of the activities of bacterial bioluminescence, - gene, enzyme function and biosynthesis of β-galactosidase, bacterial gene mutation, algal growth, and plant seed germination and root/shoot growth. Each size of Co-NP exhibited a different level of toxicity (sensitivity) in each biological activity. No revertant mutagenic ratio (greater than 2.

Forehead location and large segmental pattern of facial port-wine stains predict risk of Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Background: Children with forehead port-wine stains (PWSs) are at risk of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS). However, most will not develop neurologic manifestations.

Objective: To identify children at greatest risk of SWS.

Model development and comparison of low hemorrhage-risk endoluminal patch thrombolytic treatment for ischemic stroke.

Clot dissolution drugs delivered into the systemic circulation can dissolve intracranial blood clots in 90 min with 20-50% hemorrhage rate. Immobilizing <5% of the intravenous dosage on an endoluminal patch can reduce the dissolution time to <20 min with negligible hemorrhage risk. The thrombus dissolution behavior in endoluminal patch thrombolytic treatment is modeled and compared with experimental results from a companion study.

Alzheimer's disease neuropathology may not predict functional impairment in HIV: a report of two individuals.

With aging of HIV populations, there is concern that Alzheimer's disease (AD) may become prevalent and difficult to distinguish from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. To date, there are no reports documenting histologically verified Alzheimer's neuropathology in individuals with HIV and dementia. Herein, we report two antiretroviral-treated, virally suppressed, HIV-infected individuals autopsied by the Manhattan HIV Brain Bank.

Beam-induced redox transformation of arsenic during As K-edge XAS measurements: availability of reducing or oxidizing agents and As speciation.

During X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of arsenic (As), beam-induced redox transformation is often observed. In this study, the As species immobilized by poorly crystallized mackinawite (FeS) was assessed for the susceptibility to beam-induced redox reactions as a function of sample properties including the redox state of FeS and the solid-phase As speciation. The beam-induced oxidation of reduced As species was found to be mediated by the atmospheric O and the oxidation products of FeS [e.

Elastic Modulus of Osteoporotic Mouse Femur Based on Femoral Head Compression Test.

A biomechanical test is a good evaluation method that describes the structural, functional, and pathological differences in the bones, such as osteoporosis and fracture. The tensile test, compression test, and bending test are generally performed to evaluate the elastic modulus of the bone using mice. In particular, the femoral head compression test is mainly used for verifying the osteoporosis change of the femoral neck.

Interaction of Sb(III) with iron sulfide under anoxic conditions: Similarities and differences compared to As(III) interactions.

This study examined the reaction mechanism of arsenite, As(III), and antimonite, Sb(III), with iron sulfide and compared their pH-dependent reaction behaviors under strictly anoxic environments. The comparison of Sb(III) with As(III), based on their chemical similarity, may provide useful insight into understanding the geochemical behavior of the less studied Sb(III). The pH-dependent batch sorption studies revealed that As(III) and Sb(III) displayed similar removal trends with pH in terms of the removal efficiency.

Relationship between brain large artery characteristics and their downstream arterioles.

We aimed to test the hypothesis that brain large artery diameters relate to distal downstream arteriolar diameters. In a sample of 110 autopsied individuals (69% men, 76% HIV+, mean age 51), we used multilevel models to relate large artery lumen and lumen-to-wall ratio to left frontal lobe arteriolar lumen and lumen-to-wall ratio adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. Comparing the large artery characteristics of the whole brain did not disclose significant associations with frontal lobe arteriolar characteristics.

Characterization of iron and manganese minerals and their associated microbiota in different mine sites to reveal the potential interactions of microbiota with mineral formation.

Different environmental conditions such as pH and dissolved elements of mine stream induce precipitation of different minerals and their associated microbial community may vary. Therefore, mine precipitates from various environmental conditions were collected and their associated microbiota were analyzed through metagenomic DNA sequencing. Various Fe and Mn minerals including ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, goethite, birnessite, and Mn-substituted δ-FeOOH (δ-(Fe, Mn)OOH) were found in the different environmental conditions.

Computational simulation study on ilio-sacral screw fixations for pelvic ring injuries and implications in Asian sacrum.

Objectives: Despite a high possibility of technique-related complications, ilio-sacral (IS) screw fixation is the mainstay of operative management in posterior pelvic ring injuries. We aimed to make IS screw trajectory with fully intraosseous path that was optimal and consistent, and confirm the possibility of transiliac-transsacral (TITS) screw fixation in Asian sacrum.

Methods: Eighty-two cadaveric sacra (42 males and 40 females) were enrolled and underwent continuous 1.