Ankle and foot deformities and malformations in proximal femoral focal deficiency.

Purpose: To describe foot abnormalities in proximal femoral focal deficiency and their correlation to the severity.

Methods: Eighty-nine extremities in 87 patients were evaluated between 1996 and 2020 clinically and radiologically. Fibula length, ankle shape, tarsal coalitions, and the number of foot rays were recorded.

Simple criterion of importance of laminar flame instabilities in premixed turbulent combustion of mixtures characterized by low Lewis numbers.

By (i) highlighting the mitigation effect of strain rates on laminar flame instabilities and (ii) comparing peak growth rates of laminar flame instabilities with strain rates generated by small-scale turbulent eddies, a simple criterion of importance of the influence of the instabilities on an increase in premixed flame surface area in turbulent flows is suggested. The criterion implies that, even in lean hydrogen-air mixtures, laminar flame instabilities can significantly affect the flame area only in weak or moderate turbulence (the Karlovitz number defined using laminar flame speed, thermal flame thickness, and Kolmogorov time scale is on the order of 10 or less under room conditions).

[Comparison of Modifications of Femoral and Tibial Lengthening in Children].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Limb lengthening has always belonged to the most complex surgical techniques in paediatric orthopaedics. In our study, we compared the results of femoral and tibial lengthening using three different surgical techniques. The presented study aimed to shorten the duration of external fixation to a minimum and to reduce the complication rate.

[Scanning Technique in Ankle nad Foot Ultrasonography].

This guide to ultrasound imaging of the ankle and foot describes the basic scanning planes and contains corresponding high-resolution ultrasound images. The patient and probe positionings are explained in a simplified step-by-step manner using schematic drawings. This standard and simple examination technique seems to be an appropriate way to improve the learning curve of novice musculoskeletal sonographers.

[Scanning Technique in Knee Ultrasonography].

This guide to ultrasound imaging of the knee describes the basic scanning planes and contains corresponding high-resolution ultrasound images. The patient and probe positionings are explained in a simplified step-by-step manner using schematic drawings. This standard and simple examination technique seems to be an appropriate way to improve the learning curve of novice musculoskeletal sonographers.

[Scanning Technique in Hip Ultrasonography].

This guide to ultrasound imaging of the hip describes the basic scanning planes and contains corresponding highresolution ultrasound images. The patient and probe positionings are explained in a simplified step-by-step manner using schematic drawings. This standard and simple examination technique seems to be an appropriate way to improve the learning curve of novice musculoskeletal sonographers.

[Scanning Technique in Wrist and Hand Ultrasonography].

This guide to ultrasound examination of the wrist and hand describes the basic scanning planes and contains corresponding high-resolution ultrasound images. The patient and probe positionings are explained in a simplified step-by-step manner using schematic drawings. This standard and simple examination technique seems to be an appropriate way to improve the learning curve of novice musculoskeletal sonographers.

[Scanning Technique in Elbow Ultrasonography].

This introduction to ultrasound evaluation of the elbow describes the basic scanning planes and contains corresponding high-resolution ultrasound images. The patient and probe positionings are explained in a simplified step-by-step manner using schematic drawings. This standard and simple examination technique seems to be an appropriate way to improve the learning curve of novice musculoskeletal sonographers.

[Scanning Technique in Shoulder Ultrasonography].

This guide to ultrasound examination of the shoulder describes the basic scanning planes and contains corresponding high-resolution ultrasound images. The patient and probe positionings are explained in a simplified step-by-step manner using schematic drawings. This standard and simple examination technique seems to be an appropriate way to improve the learning curve of novice musculoskeletal sonographers.

Lengthening of the ulna by callotasis in children with multiple hereditary exostoses: comparison of methods with and without internal fixation.

Purpose: The goal of this retrospective study was to compare the gradual lengthening of the ulna in children with multiple hereditary exostoses with and without an elastic intramedullary nail.

Methods: Between 1998 to 2018, the ulna was lengthened in 28 forearms in 21 patients (aged 7.1 to 16.

[Correction of Valgus Knee Deformity by Hemiepiphyseodesis: a Restrospective Analysis].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Hemiepiphyseodesis is commonly used to correct a coronal plane knee deformity during childhood. Since 2007 Blount staple method has been replaced by the eight-Plate Guided Growth System. We retrospectively analysed the indications, results and complications of the older Blount staple method so as to compare them with the newer eight-Plate Guided Growth system.

Analysis of Gene Expression of Pseudoarthrosis Tissue in Congenital Short Femur, Initial Study and First Exprerience.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Although the congenital short femur is morphologically well characterized, changes at the molecular level have not been described in the literature so far. The absence of such information, along with the unknown aetiology of the defect, was the motivation for analysing angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the pseudoarthrosis (false joint) tissue in PFFD patients compared to physiological bone. The authors expected differences in gene expression, particularly in the quantity of expressed genes.

[Treatment of Fractures of the Distal Third of Tibia Diaphysis by MIPO Technique].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY MIPO (Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis) technique is currently a commonly used method to treat fractures of the distal third of tibia diaphysis. At the same time, it is just like other methods accompanied by a relatively high complication rate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of this technique at our department is effective and whether the complication rate does not differ considerably from values reported by literature.

[Mid-Term Results of Treatment of Severe Grades of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis without Surgical Hip Dislocation].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To evaluate the results of treatment of acute and chronic severe slips of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The tested hypothesis was that the results will be comparable with the methods using surgical hip dislocation. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the period 1996-2014, 26 patients were treated for severe slips ( >60°).

Effects of the '11+ Kids' injury prevention programme on severe injuries in children's football: a secondary analysis of data from a multicentre cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: To assess the effects of the injury prevention programme '11+ Kids' on reducing severe injuries in 7 to 13 year old football (soccer) players.

Methods: Football clubs (under-9, under-11 and under-13 age groups) from the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland were cluster-randomised (clubs) into an intervention (INT) and a control group (CON). INT replaced their usual warm-up by '11+ Kids' two times a week.

A Multinational Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of '11+ Kids': A Warm-Up Programme to Prevent Injuries in Children's Football.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a newly developed warm-up programme ('11+ Kids') regarding its potential to reduce injuries in children's football.

Methods: Children's football teams (under 9 years, under 11 years, and under 13 years age groups) from Switzerland, Germany, the Czech Republic and the Netherlands were invited. Clubs were randomised to an intervention group and a control group, and followed for one season.

Risk factors for football injuries in young players aged 7 to 12 years.

Football (soccer) is very popular among children. Little is known about risk factors for football injuries in children. The aim was to analyze potential injury risk factors in 7- to 12-year-old players.

Hereditary Multiple Exostoses: Clinical, Molecular and Radiologic Survey in 9 Families.

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) represents a heterogeneous group of diseases often associated with progressive skeletal deformities. Most frequently, mutations in EXT1 and EXT2 genes with autosomal dominant inheritance are responsible for HME. In our group of 9 families with HME we evaluated the clinical course of the disease and analysed molecular background using Sanger sequencing and MLPA in EXT1 and EXT2 genes.

[Operative Treatment for Saddle-Shaped Femoral Heads].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY A saddle-shaped deformity of the femoral head has a poor prognosis due to rapid development of secondary changes. A new method of treatment by intra-articular anteromedial wedge reduction osteotomy (AWRO) of the femoral head may preserve the hip for the future. This study was designed to ascertain that this invasive technique was safe and effective and to confirm our hypothesis that AWRO significantly improved functional and radiological parameters of the hip joint.

Soccer Injuries in Players Aged 7 to 12 Years: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study Over 2 Seasons.

Background: As part of a risk-management approach, sound epidemiological data are needed to develop prevention programs. A recent review on soccer injuries of players younger than 19 years concluded that prospective data concerning children are lacking.

Purpose: To analyze the incidence and characteristics of soccer injuries in children aged 7 to 12 years.

Lesion of gluteal nerves and muscles in total hip arthroplasty through 3 surgical approaches. An electromyographically controlled study.

Purpose: Three surgical approaches in total hip arthroplasty (THA) were compared concerning: 1) clinical and radiological results; 2) innervation of the tensor fasciae latae and gluteal muscles; 3) clinical outcome of the nerve lesions; 4) sensitivity of the EMG analysis.

Methods: A total of 70 patients aged 39-79 years were evaluated clinically and electromyographically before and 3-9 months after THA in 2 centres using the anterolateral approach in 22, transgluteal approach in 33 and posterior approach in 15 patients, respectively.

Results: 1) Hip flexion, external rotation and Trendelenburg lurch were reduced and the centre of the rotation was higher after the anterolateral approach.

Proteomic analysis of the extracellular matrix in idiopathic pes equinovarus.

Idiopathic pes equinovarus is a congenital deformity of the foot and lower leg defined as a fixation of the foot in adduction, supination, and varus. Although the pathogenesis of clubfoot remains unclear, it has been suggested that fibroblasts and growth factors are involved. To directly analyze the protein composition of the extracellular matrix in contracted tissue of patients with clubfoot.

Reconstruction of elbow flexion in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita type I: results of transfer of pectoralis major muscle with follow-up at skeletal maturity.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of a pectoralis major transfer to restore active elbow flexion in patients with extension elbow contracture in arthrogryposis. The hypotheses were: (1) this transfer ensures permanent useful elbow flexion; and (2) flexion elbow deformity will not progress during growth and after its cessation.

Methods: Unipolar transfer of the 3 distal parts of the pectoralis major muscle was used in 9 extremities of 5 patients (age range, 5 to 9 y; average age, 6.