Understanding the role of Francisella halioticida in mussel mortalities in France: an integrative approach.

Since 2014, mass mortalities of mussels Mytilus spp. have occurred in production areas on the Atlantic coast of France. The aetiology of these outbreaks remained unknown until the bacterium Francisella halioticida was detected in some mussel mortality cases.

Saline lavage for the management of severe pleural empyema: A cohort study.

Background: Despite advances in the treatment of pleural infection, up to 20% of patients die. So far, studies assessing the role of intrapleural saline lavage for the management of all stage pleural infections are very scarce, usually excluding patients with cancer.

Methods: The method used was a retrospective cohort study including pleural empyema managed with a pleural lavage of saline solution through a small-bore chest tube.

Does the LENT score risk-stratify patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma? An observational study.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, highly aggressive and deadly disease with a poor patient life expectancy. A few years ago, the main challenge was the histological diagnosis of this disease; at present, the search for the best therapeutic strategy is now a priority. However, an optimal therapeutic strategy is not yet clear, despite growing efforts in the treatment armamentarium and research, and at the era of tailored and individualized treatment, tools to predict patient survival are needed for therapeutic decision-making.

subsp. subsp. nov., pathogenic to the edible cockles in France, and establishment of subsp. subsp. nov. and subsp. subsp. nov.

Cockle mortality events have been reported in northern France since 2012. In the present study, we describe and investigate the implication of a potential bacterial causative agent in cockle mortality. Bacteria isolated from five different cockle mortality events were characterized and studied.

Prolonged survival after multimodal therapy for pleural mesothelioma: Don't give up the follow-up. A case report.

Malignant Pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare disease which is associated with a poor prognosis. Front line chemotherapy represents the cornerstone in the management of MPM, and the place of radical surgery is controversial and reserve in early-stage disease. However prolonged survival (more than 24 months) can be observed in rare cases and only in the context of multimodal treatment including surgical management.

Cosmopolitan Distribution of -Like Organisms and Other Intracellular Microcolonies of Bacteria Causing Infection in Marine Mollusks.

Intracellular microcolonies of bacteria (IMC), in some cases developing large extracellular cysts (bacterial aggregates), infecting primarily gill and digestive gland, have been historically reported in a wide diversity of economically important mollusk species worldwide, sometimes associated with severe lesions and mass mortality events. As an effort to characterize those organisms, traditionally named as -like organisms, 1950 specimens comprising 22 mollusk species were collected over 10 countries and after histology examination, a selection of 99 samples involving 20 species were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed sequences in all the mollusk species analyzed.

A new multiplex real-time PCR assay to improve the diagnosis of shellfish regulated parasites of the genus Marteilia and Bonamia.

Aquaculture including shellfish production is an important food resource worldwide which is particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. Marteilia refringens, Bonamia ostreae and Bonamia exitiosa are regulated protozoan parasites infecting flat oysters Ostrea edulis that are endemic in Europe. Although some PCR assays have been already developed for their detection, a formal validation to assess the performances of those tools is often lacking.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Early Emergency Department Management of Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Due to Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema.

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the recommended ventilatory support for acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) associated with acute respiratory failure or hypercapnia. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has emerged as an alternative to NIV in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We aimed to assess the efficacy of HFNC on early changes in [Formula: see text] and respiratory parameters in patients in the emergency department with acute hypercapnic CPE and to compare it to NIV.

Identification of the autophagy pathway in a mollusk bivalve, Crassostrea gigas.

The Pacific oyster, , is a mollusk bivalve commercially important as a food source. Pacific oysters are subjected to stress and diseases during culture. The autophagy pathway is involved in numerous cellular processes, including responses to starvation, cell death, and microorganism elimination.

Involvement of apoptosis in the dialogue between the parasite Bonamia ostreae and the flat oyster Ostrea edulis.

The protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae has been associated with the decline of flat oyster Ostrea edulis populations in some European countries. Control of shellfish diseases mostly relies on prevention measures including transfer restrictions and stock management measures such as breeding programmes. These prevention and mitigation measures require a better understanding of interactions between host and pathogens.

Lignin Nanoparticles as A Promising Way for Enhancing Lignin Flame Retardant Effect in Polylactide.

The present study investigates the effect of using lignin at nanoscale as new flame-retardant additive for polylactide (PLA). Lignin nanoparticles (LNP) were prepared from Kraft lignin microparticles (LMP) through a dissolution-precipitation process. Both micro and nano lignins were functionalized using diethyl chlorophosphate (LMP-diEtP and LNP-diEtP, respectively) and diethyl (2-(triethoxysilyl)ethyl) phosphonate (LMP-SiP and LNP-SiP, respectively) to enhance their flame-retardant effect in PLA.

A study of autophagy in hemocytes of the Pacific oyster, .

Macroautophagy is a mechanism that is involved in various cellular processes, including cellular homeostasis and innate immunity. This pathway has been described in organisms ranging in complexity from yeasts to mammals, and recent results indicate that it occurs in the mantle of the Pacific oyster, . However, the autophagy pathway has never been explored in the hemocytes of , which are the main effectors of its immune system and thus play a key role in the defence of the Pacific oyster against pathogens.

Rotational diffusion of partially wetted colloids at fluid interfaces.

Hypothesis: Rotational Brownian diffusions of colloidal particles at a fluid interface play important roles in particle self-assembly and in surface microrheology. Recent experiments on translational Brownian motion of spherical particles at the air-water interface show a significant slowing down of the translational diffusion with respect to the hydrodynamic predictions (Boniello et al., 2015).

Diagnostic Accuracy of Lateral Decubitus Chest Radiography before Pleural Maneuvers for the Management of Pleurisies in the Era of Chest Ultrasound.

Background: Chest ultrasound (CUS) is the gold standard to detect pleural adhesions before pleural maneuvers. However, the CUS technique is not available in all countries where the assessment is only based on clinical examination and chest radiography.

Objective: To assess the value of lateral decubitus chest radiography (LDCR) to detect pleural adhesions.

Descriptions of Mikrocytos veneroïdes n. sp. and Mikrocytos donaxi n. sp. (Ascetosporea: Mikrocytida: Mikrocytiidae), detected during important mortality events of the wedge clam Donax trunculus Linnaeus (Veneroida: Donacidae), in France between 2008 and 2011.

Background: Microcell parasites are small intracellular protozoans mostly detected in molluscs and can be associated with mortalities. In 2010 and 2011, strong increases in mortality events were reported in different wild beds of the wedge clam Donax trunculus Linnaeus, along the Atlantic coast of France and the presence of potential pathogens, including microcells, was investigated.

Methods: Clams collected in different beds showing mortality were examined by histology.

Contribution of Experimental Challenges to Understanding Flat Oyster Resistance to .

Bonamiosis due to the parasite has been associated with massive mortality outbreaks in European flat oyster stocks in Europe. As eradication and treatment are not possible, the control of the disease mainly relies on transfer restriction. Moreover, selection has been applied to produce resistant flat oyster families, which present better survival and lower prevalence than non-selected oysters.

Haemocytes from Crassostrea gigas and OsHV-1: A promising in vitro system to study host/virus interactions.

Since 2008, mass mortality outbreaks associated with the detection of particular variants of OsHV-1 have been reported in Crassostrea gigas spat and juveniles in several countries. Recent studies have reported information on viral replication during experimental infection. Viral DNA and RNA were also detected in the haemolymph and haemocytes suggesting that the virus could circulate through the circulatory system.

Haemocytes collected from experimentally infected Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas: Detection of ostreid herpesvirus 1 DNA, RNA, and proteins in relation with inhibition of apoptosis.

Recent transcriptomic approaches focused on anti-viral immunity in molluscs lead to the assumption that the innate immune system, such as apoptosis, plays a crucial role against ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1), infecting Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Apoptosis constitutes a major mechanism of anti-viral response by limiting viral spread and eliminating infected cells. In this way, an OsHV-1 challenge was performed and oysters were monitored at three times post injection to investigate viral infection and host response: 2h (early after viral injection in the adductor muscle), 24h (intermediate time), and 48h (just before first oyster mortality record).

Tailoring Patterns of Surface-Attached Multiresponsive Polymer Networks.

A new strategy for the fabrication of micropatterns of surface-attached hydrogels with well-controlled chemistry is reported. The "grafting onto" approach is preferred to the "grafting from" approach. It consists of cross-linking and grafting preformed and functionalized polymer chains through thiol-ene click chemistry.