Changes in the metabolomic profiles of mammary secretion in relation to dam litter size and parity number in Black Bengal goats.

Background And Aim: The colostrum is essential for a kid's survival and development. The metabolomic profiles of mammary secretion in goats are limited. This study investigated the metabolomic profiles of mammary secretion in purebred Black Bengal goats and their relationships with litter size and parity number.

Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin concentrations in Black Bengal goats at different ages and gestation periods and their relationship to kid growth performance.

Background And Aims: The impact of maternal hormone concentration on kid growth performance in relation to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin is minimal. This study examined IGF-1 and leptin levels at varying ages and gestation periods for their correlation with Black Bengal goat kids' growth during the preweaning phase.

Materials And Methods: Blood samples were collected from 43 dams with different reproductive cycles and 28 prepubertal goats to measure serum concentrations of IGF-1 and leptin.

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Growth Hormone Gene and Its Relationship with Growth Traits in Black Bengal Goats.

The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the growth hormone (GH) gene could be related to growth traits, particularly in farm animals. This study aimed to identify the SNPs of the gene (A781G and A1575G) in Black Bengal (BB) goats in Thailand. Seventy-seven BB goats of both sexes were recruited, and their genotypes were identified.

The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease.

Background And Aim: Anemia is an important factor in surviving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is associated with various factors, such as inadequate production of erythropoietin and the availability of iron and its binding protein. Reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and iron concentrations may be related to their urinary loss along with proteinuria.

A urinary proteomic study in hypercalciuric dogs with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

Background And Aims: Hypercalciuria is an important predisposing factor commonly found in humans and dogs with calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis. Calcium oxalate crystals can induce an inflammatory reaction that subsequently produces several proteins that have an inhibitory or stimulatory effect on stone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in urinary proteomic profiles between hypercalciuric CaOx stone dogs and hypercalciuric stone-free dogs (CaOx stone and control groups, respectively).

Validation of Brix refractometer to estimate immunoglobulin G concentration in goat colostrum.

Background And Aim: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration is high in goat colostrum, particularly in the first few hours after parturition, and this is important for the kid's immunity and growth. IgG levels vary depending on several factors, including breed, disease status, colostrum management, handling, and collection time postpartum. A handheld optical refractometer, an affordable instrument that is simple to use in the field, is used widely in dairy farms to measure total solids.

Impact of insulin-like growth factor 1, immunoglobulin G and vitamin A in colostrum on growth of newborn Black Bengal goats and its crossbred.

The study aims to investigate the relationships between colostral concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and vitamin A (Vit A) and growth (body weight and average daily gain) in Black Bengal (BB) and its crossbred. The colostrum from dams (n = 16) was collected at parturition to measure the concentrations of IGF-1, IgG and Vit A. The kid weight at birth (W-0), day 14 (W-14) and day 28 (W-28) were measured and the average daily gain during day 1-14 (ADG1-14) and day 14-28 (ADG14-28) were calculated.

The association between single nucleotide polymorphism in vitamin D receptor and calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs.

Background: Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are associated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis in humans.

Objectives: To investigate the association between VDR polymorphisms and susceptibility to CaOx urolithiasis in dogs.

Animals: Thirty-five dogs with CaOx urolithiasis were compared with 40 stone-free dogs.

Growth performance of Black Bengal, Saanen, and their crossbred F1 as affected by sex, litter size, and season of kidding.

The objective of the present study was to determine the factors that influenced growth performance of the goat kids of Black Bengal (BB), Saanen (SA), and their crossbred F1 (male Bengal × female Saanen [BBSA] and male Saanen × female Black Bengal [SABB]). Data for 674 kids were analyzed from 316 litters and 134 does. All kids were weekly measured on their characteristics (body weight, length, height at the withers, and chest girth) from birth to 11 weeks old.

Effects of Litter Size and Parity Number on Mammary Secretions Including, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Immunoglobulin G and Vitamin A of Black Bengal, Saanen and Their Crossbred Goats in Thailand.

The present study aims to investigate the composition including concentrations of IGF-1, IgG and Vit A in colostrum and their effects by litter size and goat parity in 3 groups of goats; Black Bengal (BB), Saanen (SA) and their crossbred (BBSA). Thirty-eight goats were used (23 BB, 7 BBSA and 8 SA). The composition (fat, protein, lactose and total solid; TS) in colostrum (Day 0; D0) and milk (Day 4; D4 and Day 7; D7) were measured.

Iron status and erythropoiesis response to darbepoetin alfa in dogs with chronic kidney disease.

Iron metabolism, hepcidin and some blood profiles were investigated in 13 healthy and 31 chronic kidney disease (CKD) dogs. The study consisted of 2 experiments, experiment I included healthy dogs (CONT) and CKD dogs (stage 2, 3 and 4), while experiment II consisted of anemic CKD dogs subjected to 28-day darbepoetin alfa treatment. The response to darbepoetin alfa could divide anemic CKD dogs into responder (RP) and non-responder (NRP) subgroups.

Left ventricular systolic function in dogs with pulmonic stenosis.

Background And Aim: Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is the most common congenital heart disease in dogs. This condition causes right ventricle (RV) overload and disrupts overall systolic function. The aim of this study was to examine the alterations of cardiac electrical activity and mechanical function in dogs with PS compared to normal healthy dogs.

Renal ultrasonographic shear-wave elastography and urinary procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide in chronic kidney disease dogs.

Background And Aim: Renal fibrosis is a well-established pathological alteration associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in several species and progresses as CKD advances. Although a renal biopsy is the gold standard for determining renal fibrosis, it is an invasive, impractical method for clinical practice. In humans, ultrasonographic shear-wave elastography (SWE), a novel advanced diagnostic imaging tool, can evaluate renal parenchyma stiffness, and urinary procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide (uPIIINP), a promising renal fibrosis biomarker in humans, has increasingly been use applied to reduce the biopsies.

Renal ultrasonographic strain elastography and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in canine and feline chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common renal disease in dogs and cats. Renal fibrosis is a main pathologic process leading of CKD progression. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for renal fibrosis assessment.

Renal shear wave elastography and urinary procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide (uPIIINP) in feline chronic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases occurring in cats. It is characterized by renal fibrosis, which is strongly correlated with impairment of renal function. Since renal biopsy is not performed routinely in clinical practice, the non-invasive method of ultrasonographic shear-wave elastography (SWE) was used to determine renal parenchymal stiffness.

Imbalance of autonomic nervous systems involved in ventricular arrhythmia after splenectomy in dogs.

The role of cardiac autonomic modulation on ventricular arrhythmia, known as ventricular premature complexes (VPC), after splenectomy was investigated. Twelve dogs undergoing splenectomy were divided into 2 groups: low VPC (<1,000/day, n=6) and high VPC groups (≥1,000/day, n=6). Electrocardiograph recording was performed prior to (D0), during the first three days (D1-3) and on day 9 (D9) after surgery.

Changes of Klotho protein and Klotho mRNA expression in a hydroxy-L-proline induced hyperoxaluric rat model.

Klotho protein is recognized as having a renoprotective effect and is used as a biomarker for kidney injury. We investigated the level of Klotho protein in hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury and the effects of vitamin E (Vit E) and vitamin C (Vit C) supplementation. Hyperoxaluria was induced by feeding 2% (w/v) Hydroxy-L-proline (HLP) in the drinking water for 21 days.

Combination of vitamin E and vitamin C alleviates renal function in hyperoxaluric rats via antioxidant activity.

Hyperoxaluria and oxidative stress are risk factors in calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Supplement with antioxidant could be effective in prevention of recurrent stone formation. The present study aims to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin E and vitamin C in hyperoxaluric rat.

Long-term effect of sildenafil on echocardiographic parameters in dogs with asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve degeneration.

Sildenafil is a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that has been demonstrated to delay ventricular remodeling in humans and experimental animals. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the chronic effects of sildenafil administration on echocardiographic indices and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in dogs with naturally occurring, asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. Thirty client-owned dogs with ACVIM class B1 or B2 were enrolled.

Acute effects of intravenous dronedarone on electrocardiograms, hemodynamics and cardiac functions in anesthetized dogs.

Dronedarone is a class III antiarrhythmic that has been used for management of atrial fibrillation in humans, but limited information was found in dogs. The objective of this study was to determine the acute effects of escalating concentrations of dronedarone on electrocardiograms (ECG), hemodynamics and cardiac mechanics in healthy dogs. A total of 7 beagle dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and instrumented to obtain lead II ECG, pressures at ascending aorta, right atrium, pulmonary artery and left ventricle, and left ventricular pressure-volume relationship.

Decreased sympathetic tone after short-term treatment with enalapril in dogs with mild chronic mitral valve disease.

Heart rate variability (HRV) and echocardiography were performed in 14 dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR) before and after 14 days of 0.5mg/kg/day of enalapril treatment. All dogs were in heart failure stages B1 and B2.

Test of the usefulness of a paradigm to identify potential cardiovascular liabilities of four test articles with varying pharmacological properties in anesthetized guinea pigs.

The evaluation of proarrhythmic and hemodynamic liabilities for new compounds remains a major concern of preclinical safety assessment paradigms. Contrastingly, albeit functional liabilities can also translate to clinical morbidity and mortality, lesser preclinical efforts are focused on the evaluation of drug-induced changes in inotrope and lusitrope, particularly in the setting of concomitant hemodynamic/arrhythmic liabilities. This study aimed to establish the feasibility of an anesthetized guinea pig preparation to assess functional liabilities in the setting of simultaneous drug-induced electrocardiographic/hemodynamic changes, by evaluating the effects of various compounds with known cardiovascular properties on direct and indirect indices of left ventricular function.

Heart rate variability and plasma norepinephrine concentration in diabetic dogs at rest.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in dogs with diabetic mellitus (DM) was evaluated using measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration. Dogs were divided into 2 groups; the control non-DM group (n = 13) and the diabetic group (n = 22) which was further divided into the well-controlled DM (n = 11) and the poorly-controlled DM subgroups (n = 11) according to their fasting plasma fructosamine concentrations. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded continuously for at least 30 min to yield HRV.

Oxidative stress and intraerythrocytic concentrations of sodium and potassium in diabetic dogs.

Oxidative stress parameters; thiobarbituric acid reaction substances (RBC-TBARS), catalase (RBC-CAT) and reduced glutathione (RBC-GSH) and the intraerythrocytic concentrations of electrolytes; sodium and potassium (RBC-Na and RBC-K) were determined in 18 well- controlled (WC) and 22 poorly-controlled diabetic mellitus (DM). Dogs with DM had significant higher blood glucose concentration (P < 0.001), haemoglobin A1c (P < 0.

L-carnitine ameliorates doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats.

Aim: Effects of L-carnitine on nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin (DOX) in rats were investigated.

Methods: The rats were divided into four groups: group 1, control (0.9% NaCl); group 2, DOX injection (7.