Evidence of Biofilm and Persister Cell Formation in Revision Rhinoplasty.

Postoperative rhinoplasty infection can lead to serious cosmetic deformity, loss of structural integrity to the nose, and functional deficiencies. Understanding the factors contributing to postoperative infection is important. Microbial biofilms and persister cells play an important role in health care-associated infections.

Device Design Modifications Informed by In Vitro Testing of Bacterial Attachment Reduce Infection Rates of Cochlear Implants in Clinical Practice.

Recalcitrant chronic infections of implanted medical devices are often linked to the presence of biofilms. The prevention and treatment of medical device-associated infections is a major source of antibiotic use and driver of antimicrobial resistance globally. Lowering the incidence of infection in patients that receive implanted medical devices could therefore significantly improve antibiotic stewardship and reduce patient morbidity.

Prevalence, Surgical Management, and Audiologic Impact of Sigmoid Sinus Dehiscence Causing Pulsatile Tinnitus.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, surgical management, and audiologic impact of pulsatile tinnitus caused by sigmoid sinus dehiscence.

Study Design And Setting: Retrospective chart review at a tertiary care hospital.

Patients: Adults with unilateral pulsatile tinnitus attributable to sigmoid sinus dehiscence who underwent resurfacing between January 2010 and January 2020.

Study of oral potentially malignant disorders related to various risk factors amongst the patients attending hospitals in Bhopal, India.

Background And Aims: Oral potentially malignant disorders constitute one of the major oral health problems in India. Few studies have been undertaken on potentially malignant disorders in central India, specifically in Bhopal. Hence the present study was conducted to assess the oral potentially malignant disorders in the patients attending hospitals of Bhopal, India.

Evidence of a microbial etiology for sialoliths.

Objectives: Sialolithiasis is the primary etiology for parotid and submandibular swelling, potentially resulting in discomfort, bacterial infections, and hospitalization. The etiology of sialolith formation is unknown. Currently, the proposed etiologies range from inflammation, coalescence of organic molecules, sialomicrolith formation, pH changes, and biofilm formation.

Rethinking Morbidity and Mortality Conference.

This article will discuss the importance of an effective morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference toward supporting a proactive and preventative approach to patient safety and quality improvement (PSQI). Key characteristics will be discussed that enhance this process for being a mechanism for driving positive PSQI culture change that permeates the department. The focus of this article will be on how to approach the structure and process of this conference for maximal benefit.

Maximizing Exposure of the Internal Auditory Canal Via the Retrosigmoid Approach: An Anatomical, Radiological, and Surgical Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify anatomic landmarks and surgical techniques that maximize bone removal for exposure of the distal internal auditory canal (IAC) to avoid labyrinthine injury during retrosigmoid removal of tumors within the IAC.

Study Design: Anatomic dissection, radiological assessment and retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Bibliometric analysis of 100 most cited articles on oral submucous fibrosis.

Background: Citation analysis reflects the scientific recognition and influential performance of an article in the scientific community. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 most cited articles on oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).

Methods: A list of 100 most cited articles related to OSF was retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Expanded tool of Scopus database in May 2018.

Assessment of the quality of life and performance status in patients with oral submucous fibrosis in central India.

Background And Aims: Measuring quality of life in patients with oral submucous fibrosis is of utmost importance in assessing treatment outcomes. This study examined the impact of oral submucous fibrosis and its treatment on the quality of life and performance status of persons with oral submucous fibrosis.

Methods: Quality of life was measured in patients with oral submucous fibrosis using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life head and neck 35 Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C35); performance status was measured by Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS-HN), at four points in time: baseline, one month, two months and three months after start of treatment.

Evidence against the mucosal traction theory in cholesteatoma.

Objectives: To investigate the distribution of ciliated epithelium in the human middle ear and its potential role in the formation of cholesteatoma.

Study Design: Comparative human temporal bone study.

Methods: We selected temporal bones from 14 donors with a diagnosis of cholesteatoma, 15 with chronic otitis media without retraction pockets, 14 with chronic otitis media with retraction pockets, 14 with cystic fibrosis (CF), and 16 controls.

The changing face of petrous apicitis-a 40-year experience.

Objectives/hypothesis: Petrous apicitis (PA) is a rare complication of otitis media. Gradenigo syndrome, with the classic triad of otitis, deep pain, and abducens paralysis, is rarer still. The objective of this study was to determine if clinical presentation and management has changed over time.

Surface charge modification decreases Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence in vitro and bacterial persistence in an in vivo implant model.

Objective: Chronic, persistent infections complicate otologic procedures utilizing implantable devices such as cochlear implants or tympanostomy tubes. These infections are thought to be due to the establishment of microbial biofilms on implant surfaces. To address this issue, we hypothesized that surface charge modification may inhibit the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on implant surfaces in vitro and in vivo.

D-amino acids do not inhibit biofilm formation.

Objective: , a known biofilm-forming organism, is an opportunistic pathogen that plays an important role in chronic otitis media, tracheitis, cholesteatoma, chronic wounds, and implant infections. Eradication of biofilm infections has been a challenge because the biofilm phenotype provides bacteria with a protective environment from the immune system and antibiotics; thus, there has been great interest in adjunctive molecules that may inhibit biofilm formation or cause biofilm dispersal. There are reports that D-amino acids may inhibit biofilms.

Endovascular management of internal carotid artery injuries secondary to endonasal surgery: case series and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE Internal carotid artery (ICA) injury is a rare but severe complication of endonasal surgery. The authors describe their endovascular experience managing ICA injuries after transsphenoidal surgery; they review and summarize the current literature regarding endovascular techniques; and they propose a treatment algorithm based on the available evidence. METHODS A retrospective review of 576 transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resections was performed.

Otoconia and otolithic membrane fragments within the posterior semicircular canal in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Objectives/hypothesis: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder with an incidence between 10.7 and 17.3 per 100,000 persons per year.

FleQ, a Transcriptional Activator, Is Required for Biofilm Formation In Vitro But Does Not Alter Virulence in a Cholesteatomas Model.

Hypothesis: Bacterial biofilm formation within cholesteatomas is responsible for increased persistence and tissue destruction and Pseudomonas aeruginosa deficient in biofilm formation (PAO1 ΔfleQ) are less virulent than the parent bacteria.

Background: Infected aural cholesteatomas have been demonstrated to be more destructive than uninfected cholesteatomas and infections are more persistent. The chronicity and persistence of infections within cholesteatomas may be because of the presence of biofilm formation.

Histologic, Molecular, and Clinical Evaluation of Explanted Breast Prostheses, Capsules, and Acellular Dermal Matrices for Bacteria.

Background: Subclinical infections, manifest as biofilms, are considered an important cause of capsular contracture. Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are frequently used in revision surgery to prevent recurrent capsular contractures.

Objective: We sought to identify an association between capsular contracture and biofilm formation on breast prostheses, capsules, and ADMs in a tissue expander/implant (TE/I) exchange clinical paradigm.

Conductive component after cochlear implantation in patients with residual hearing conservation.

Purpose: Changes in auditory thresholds following cochlear implantation are generally assumed to be due to damage to neural elements. Theoretical studies have suggested that placement of a cochlear implant can cause a conductive hearing loss. Identification of a conductive component following cochlear implantation could guide improvements in surgical techniques or device designs.

Inactivation of specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm factors does not alter virulence in infected cholesteatomas.

Hypothesis: When experimental cholesteatomas are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) mutants lacking factors associated with the formation of biofilms, host defenses are more effective against these strains when compared with wild-type strains (PAO1 and OPPA8) in preventing tissue destruction.

Background: Previous studies have identified biofilms within chronically infected aural cholesteatomas. These infected cholesteatomas are associated with increased tissue destruction.

Intralabyrinthine schwannomas mimic cochleovestibular disease: symptoms from tumor mass effect in the labyrinth.

Objective: To describe symptoms from intralabyrinthine schwannomas specific from more common vestibular schwannomas of the internal auditory canal or cerebellopontine angle resulting from mass effect from the tumor within the labyrinth.

Patients: Eight patients diagnosed as having intralabyrinthine schwannomas from 2000 to 2014 were examined retrospectively from two tertiary neurotologic centers.

Interventions: Diagnosis of intralabyrinthine schwannoma was made with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone: a case series.

Objective: To study osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the temporal bone.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Academic medical center.