Development and authentication of cv. Sunhong with high yield and multiple tolerance to heat damage, rusty roots and lodging.

Unlabelled: Ginseng () has been used as a valuable medicinal plant in Asia, and the demand for ginseng production for health functional food is increasing worldwide after the COVID-19 crisis. Although a number of cultivars have been developed to increase ginseng production, none of them were widely cultivated in Korea because they could not resist various environmental stresses while being grown in one place for at least 4 years. To address this, Sunhong was developed as a ginseng cultivar with high yield and multiple stress tolerance by pure line selection.

Toxicological and molecular adverse effect of Illicium verum fruit constituents toward Bradysia procera.

Background: Bradysia procera, a ginseng stem fungus gnat, is one of the most serious insect pests of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), causing significant damage to plant growth. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of phenylpropanoids (trans-anethole and estragole) isolated from the methanol extract and hydrodistillate of Illicium verum fruit against third-instar larvae and eggs of Bradysia procera.

Results: The filter-paper mortality bioassay revealed that estragole [median lethal concentration (LC ) = 4.

Phenological growth stages of Korean ginseng () according to the extended BBCH scale.

Background: Phenological studies are a prerequisite for accomplishing higher productivity and better crop quality in cultivated plants. However, there are no phenological studies on that improve its production yield. This study aims to redefine the phenological growth stages of based on the existing Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale and proposes a disease control reference.