Mapping of Western Valles Marineris Light-Toned Layered Deposits and Newly Classified Rim Deposits.

Layered deposits are found on the plateaus surrounding the western portion of Valles Marineris, mantling the chasmata rims. These rim deposits exhibit intricate layering and are described as light-toned layered deposits (LLDs) in previous studies. Light-toned layered deposits are thought to be composed of pyroclastic ash that was emplaced during volcanic eruptions and later chemically altered.

HLA-G can be transfered via trogocytosis from leukemic cells to T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) immune escape mechanism allows leukemia cells to proliferate and expand and it might also be responsible for disease progression. Some molecules involved in the regulation of an immune system might represent prognostic value for CLL patients. Among numerous immune escape mechanisms it was shown that the expression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) might represent one of the agents damaging cellular immune response.

The engagement of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PLCγ1/PKC pathways regulated by TrkB receptor in resistance of glioma cells to elimination upon apoptosis induction.

The most aggressive tumors of human central nervous system are anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, III grade) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, IV grade) with an extremely bad prognosis. Their malignant character and resistance to standard therapy are correlated to the over-expression of survival pathways such as Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PLCγ1/PKC regulated by TrkB receptor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the engagement of those pathways in human glioma cells resistance for apoptosis induction by Temozolomide treatment.

Beneficial Impact of Inhaled 25(OH)-Vitamin D3 and 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D3 on Pulmonary Response in the Murine Model of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.

Despite numerous scientific reports on the negative impact of vitamin D3 deficiency on many respiratory diseases, little is known about the influence of this phenomenon on the development and progression of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). The presented study is an attempt to shed light on this occurrence. The research was performed on mouse strain C57BL/6J exposed to the antigen of (etiological factor of HP).

Domains in Action: Understanding Ddi1's Diverse Functions in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a pivotal cellular mechanism responsible for the selective degradation of proteins, playing an essential role in proteostasis, protein quality control, and regulating various cellular processes, with ubiquitin marking proteins for degradation through a complex, multi-stage process. The shuttle proteins family is a very unique group of proteins that plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ddi1, Dsk2, and Rad23 are shuttle factors that bind ubiquitinated substrates and deliver them to the 26S proteasome.

Production of Xe and Xe via neutron activation of Xe and Xe at ILL-RHF and NCBJ-MARIA high-flux reactors.

The long-lived xenon isomers Xe and Xe are of interest for the GAMMA-MRI project, which aims at developing a novel imaging modality based on magnetic resonance of polarized unstable tracers. Here, we present the steps leading to and following the production of these two isomers via neutron irradiation of highly-enriched Xe and Xe gas samples at two high-flux reactors, the High-Flux Reactor (Réacteur à haut flux, RHF) at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) and the MARIA reactor at the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ). We describe the experimental setups and procedures used to prepare the stable xenon samples, to open the irradiated samples, and to transfer xenon isomers into reusable transport vials.

Tryptophan Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women with Functional Constipation.

Constipation belongs to conditions commonly reported by postmenopausal women, but the mechanism behind this association is not fully known. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between some metabolites of tryptophan (TRP) and the occurrence and severity of abdominal symptoms (Rome IV) in postmenopausal women with functional constipation (FC, n = 40) as compared with age-adjusted postmenopausal women without FC. All women controlled their TRP intake in their daily diet.

Nutrient recovery from anaerobic digestate: Fertilizer informatics for circular economy.

This study explores the integration of fertilizer informatics into the circular economy, with a focus on enhancing nutrient recovery from anaerobic digestate. It utilizes advanced algorithms and data analytics to develop new nutrient management strategies essential for sustainable agriculture. This research provides a detailed assessment of current nutrient recovery technologies, evaluating their environmental impact, cost efficiency, and adaptability.

Genetic Determinants of Serum-Associated Adaptive Efflux-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance.

is a nosocomial pathogen of serious healthcare concern that is becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic treatment failure. Recent studies have revealed that clinically defined antibiotic-susceptible strains upregulate the expression of a repertoire of putative drug efflux pumps during their growth under biologically relevant conditions, e.g.

Role of vitamin D3 in selected pulmonary diseases with particular emphasis on lung fibrosis.

Introduction And Objective: For many years vitamin D3 was known only as a regulator of the calcium-phosphate and water-electrolyte balances. Recent studies have paid special attention to other biological effects of calcitriol (the bioactive form of vitamin D3) with particular emphasis on its influence on immune function. Thus, any alterations, especially deficiencies, in the physiological level of calcitriol have serious health consequences.

Changes in Tryptophan Metabolism on Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

(1) Background: L-tryptophan is a substrate for the synthesis of many biological compounds through the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. These compounds have a significant influence on gastrointestinal functions and mental processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the urinary excretion of selected tryptophan metabolites in patients with constipation-predominant and diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C and IBS-D, respectively), related to somatic and mental symptoms.

Beneficial Effect of Increased Tryptophan Intake on Its Metabolism and Mental State of the Elderly.

The elderly often suffer from sleep disorders and depression, which contribute to mood disorders. In our previous work, we showed that elderly individuals with mood disorders had a lower intake of TRP and recommended a TRP-based dietary intervention to improve the mental state of such individuals. In this work, we assessed the impact of a TRP-rich diet on the mental state of, and TRP metabolism in, elderly individuals with mood disorders.

A novel chemogenomic discovery platform identifies bioactive hits with rapid bactericidal activity against Mycobacteroides Abscessus.

Mycobacteroides abscessus (M. ab) infections are innately resistant to most currently available antibiotics and present a growing, poorly addressed medical need. The existing treatment regimens are lengthy and produce inadequate outcomes for many patients.

Neurochemical and Cardiovascular Effects of 4-Chloro Ring-Substituted Synthetic Cathinones in Rats.

Synthetic cathinones are a class of new psychoactive substances that display psychomotor stimulant properties, and novel cathinone analogs continue to emerge in illicit drug markets worldwide. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacology of 4-chloro ring-substituted cathinones that are appearing in illicit drug markets compared with the effects of 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone). Synaptosomes were prepared from rat caudate for dopamine transporter (DAT) assays or from whole brain minus caudate and cerebellum for norepinephrine transporter (NET) and serotonin transporter (SERT) assays.

The clinical value of breath ammonia determination in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Unlabelled: Gastrointestinal tract is the major source of ammonia (NH3). NH3 is produced by bacterial hydrolysis of urea as well as by bacterial protein deamination. The intensity of this process depends on protein intake and the amount of gut bacteria.

The role of serotonin in pathogenesis of unclassified irritable bowel syndrome.

Unlabelled: The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has not been clearly understood. Numerous factors, including neurotransmitters, can interfere with the functions of the digestive tract.

Aim: The aim of present study was to determine the secretion and metabolism of serotonin in patients with unclassified irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-U).

The role of NPM1 alternative splicing in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Objectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disease with heterogeneous clinical course. Recent studies revealed a link between NOTCH1 mutation and the overexpression of MYC and MYC-related genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein biosynthesis, such as nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1), in CLL cells. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the impact of the NOTCH1 mutation on the MYC and MYC induced NPM1 expression in CLL cells via quantification of their transcripts.

Reinforcing effects of phenethylamine analogs found in dietary supplements.

Rationale: Synthetic phenethylamine (PEA) analogs, such as β-methylphenethylamine (BMPEA) and N,α-diethylphenethylamine (DEPEA), are often found in dietary supplements, despite regulations prohibiting their sale. PEA analogs are structurally related to amphetamine, and we have shown that BMPEA and DEPEA produce cardiovascular stimulation mimicking the effects of amphetamine. However, few studies have examined behavioral effects of BMPEA, DEPEA, and other PEA analogs.

Brain Concentrations of MDPV and its Metabolites in Male Rats: Relationship to Pharmacodynamic Effects.

Background: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) is a synthetic stimulant that blocks transmitter uptake at transporters for dopamine and norepinephrine. Less is known about MDPV pharmacokinetics, especially with respect to brain concentrations of the drug and its metabolites.

Objectives: The goal of the present study was: 1) to determine brain concentrations of MDPV and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxypyrovalerone (3,4-catechol-PV) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-pyrovalerone (4-OH-3-MeOPV), after administration of MDPV, and 2) to relate brain pharmacokinetic measures to pharmacodynamic endpoints in the same subjects.

Active Mars: A Dynamic World.

Mars exhibits diverse surface changes at all latitudes and all seasons. Active processes include impact cratering, aeolian sand and dust transport, a variety of slope processes, changes in polar ices, and diverse effects of seasonal CO frost. The extent of surface change has been surprising and indicates that the present climate is capable of reshaping the surface.

Automated Computer Software Assessment of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A Receptor-Mediated Head Twitch Responses from Video Recordings of Mice.

Psychedelics are a class of drugs that produce unique subjective effects via agonist actions at the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT). The 5-HT-mediated head twitch response (HTR) in rodents is used as a reliable proxy for psychedelic drug activity in humans, but existing methods for measuring HTRs require surgery or time-consuming visual scoring. In the present work, we validated a simple noninvasive method for quantitating HTRs using computer-based analysis of experimental video recordings.

Altered tryptophan metabolism in patients with recurrent functional abdominal pain.

Unlabelled: The causes of functional abdominal pain are still unclear. The role of food factors in their pathogenesis has been assessed by many researches, but the obtained results are varied.

Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate metabolism of tryptophan, which is substrate for serotonin synthesis and other bioactive compounds, in patients with recurrent functional abdominal pain.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharide-Rich Young Green Barley () Extract and Its Structural Characterization.

Young green barley (YGB) water extract has revealed a beneficial impact on natural killer (NK) cells' ability to recognize and eliminate human colon cancer cells, without any side effects for normal colon epithelial cells. The direct anticancer effect of the tested compounds has been also shown. The mixture of oligosaccharides found in this extract was characterized by chemical analyses and via FT-IR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS techniques.

Widespread Megaripple Activity Across the North Polar Ergs of Mars.

The most expansive dune fields on Mars surround the northern polar cap where various aeolian bedform classes are modified by wind and ice. The morphology and dynamics of these ripples, intermediate-scale bedforms (termed megaripples and Transverse Aeolian Ridges [TARs]), and sand dunes reflect information regarding regional boundary conditions. We found that populations of polar megaripples and larger TARs are distinct in terms of their morphology, spatial distribution, and mobility.

Pro-Health and Anti-Cancer Activity of Fungal Fractions Isolated from Milk-Supplemented Cultures of () .

The present study aimed to demonstrate (formerly ) (PSC) as a good source of pro-health substances. It has also shown that supplementation of its culture medium with cow milk may further improve its beneficial properties. Intracellular fractions from fungi grown on a medium supplemented with cow milk were analyzed using various biochemical methods for determination of the nutrient composition.