Two cases of congenital cholesteatoma of the tympanic membrane.

Congenital cholesteatoma of the tympanic membrane is rare, and lesions without a history of otitis media or any other adverse events involving the tympanic membrane are extremely rare. We report two cases of this lesion; one was a 3-year-old girl who underwent removal of a cholesteatoma using retroauricular approach and a partial myringoplasty with an underlay technique, and the other was a 2-year-old girl in whom a cholesteatoma was enucleated without grafting. This disease is thought to be of embryonic origin.

Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [¹⁸F]-5-fluorouracil.

Purpose: To estimate the radiation dose and biodistribution of (18)F-5-fluorouracil ([(18)F]-5-FU) from positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, and to extrapolate mouse data to human data in order to evaluate cross-species consistency.

Methods: Fifteen cancer patients (head and neck cancer (n=11), colon cancer (n=4)) were enrolled. Sequential PET/CT images were acquired for 2h after intravenous administration of [(18)F]-5-FU, and the percent of the injected dose delivered to each organ was derived.

Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck.

Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck (MMHN) is a rare malignant tumor associated with a poor prognosis. A retrospective study of case records of patients treated at our department between 1992 and 2010 was carried out. Thirteen patients were enrolled.

Limitations of PET and PET/CT in detecting upper gastrointestinal synchronous cancer in patients with head and neck carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of PET (positron emission tomography) or PET/CT (fusion images of PET with computed tomography) in detecting synchronous cancer in patients with head and neck carcinoma. We reviewed 682 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck between January 2001 and December 2010. In 98 patients, 111 synchronous cancers were diagnosed.

Comparison of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus induction chemotherapy followed by radiation in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with platinum-based chemotherapy as a primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to further compare the results of CCRT with these of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radiotherapy (RT).

Patients And Methods: Before 1998, 21 patients with NPC received NAC followed by RT (NAC-RT). Between 1999 and 2008, a total of 25 NPC patients received CCRT.

Efficacy of fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography to evaluate responses to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: This study evaluates the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Methods: Sixty-five patients were recruited for this study between November 2002 and April 2007. The FDG-PET scan was performed before treatment and 4-6 weeks after treatment.

Assessment of tumor hypoxia by 62Cu-ATSM PET/CT as a predictor of response in head and neck cancer: a pilot study.

Objective: In radiotherapy and chemotherapy tumor hypoxia is recognized as a major obstacle to effective treatment. We undertook a pilot study in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer to determine whether there is a relationship between tumor uptake of (62)Cu-ATSM and response to chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: Seventeen patients were studied using PET/CT with (62)Cu-ATSM and (18)F-FDG prior to the initiation of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with docetaxel, cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (TPF regimen) or with CDDP, 5-FU, methotrexate and leucovorin (PFML regimen) in previously untreated patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: Fifty-six eligible patients with stage III or IV oropharyngeal SCC were treated with CCRT. Forty-four patients were men and 12 were women, and the average age of the patients was 58.

Role of 18F-FDG PET in detecting primary site in the patient with primary unknown carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of positron emission tomography (PET) in detecting primary sites in carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) patients. In this study, CUP represented a group of heterogeneous tumors that shared the clinical manifestation of metastatic carcinoma with no obvious primary site at the time of first diagnosis, which included clinical investigations, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and panendoscopy. We reviewed the records of 24 patients with CUP between January 1995 and December 2009.

Randomized controlled phase II comparison study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil versus CCRT with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and leucovorin in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

We compared concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with docetaxel, cisplatin (CDDP), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (TPF) with CCRT with CDDP, 5-FU, methotrexate and leucovorin (PFML) in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in terms of safety and efficacy on survival. A total of 100 patients were enrolled. The TPF group received CCRT with the TPF regimen [docetaxel (50 mg/m(2): day 1), CDDP (60 mg/m(2): day 4), and continuous 5-FU infusion (600 mg/m(2)/day: days 1-5)].

[The role and limitations of FDG-PET in head and neck cancer].

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging technique which has been increasingly applied as a diagnostic tool. The usefulness of FDG-PET may be described as follows: I . Early detection of cancer; II.

[Successful treatment results of S-1 administration in 2 patients, one with a remnant tumor of the larynx and metastatic tumors to the lung, and another with a metastatic tumor in the neck from the hypopharynx].

We report two successful remnant and recurrent cases of head and neck cancer treated with S-1. Case 1, a 52-year-old man, was diagnosed as supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma (T3N2cM0, squamous cell carcinoma: SCC) on January 25, 2000, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) was applied. After the treatment, a remnant tumor in the larynx was found by biopsy.

Antiemetic effects of granisetron and dexamethasone combination therapy during cisplatin-containing chemotherapy for head and neck cancer: dexamethasone dosage verification trial.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a significant problem for patients and is associated with a substantial deterioration in quality of life; appropriate use of antiemetic drugs is crucial in maintaining the quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods: This randomized, crossover trial evaluated the antiemetic efficacy and safety of 8 mg per day (low-dose) and 16 mg per day (standard-dose) dexamethasone, in combination with the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist granisetron, in 36 patients receiving cisplatin (CDDP)-containing chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. Following chemotherapy, the antinausea/vomiting inhibition rate for each dexamethasone dose was measured.

Staging primary head and neck cancers with (18)F-FDG PET/CT: is intravenous contrast administration really necessary?

Purpose: The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate whether intravenous contrast media in integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) significantly contributes to evaluation of primary head and neck cancers compared with unenhanced PET/CT, regional contrast-enhanced CT of head and neck (neck CE-CT) and regional magnetic resonance imaging of head and neck (neck MRI).

Methods: Subjects were 42 consecutive patients (35 men, 7 women; age range: 36-91 years) with biopsy-proven primary head and neck cancers. Lesion detection of primary and nodal sites and TNM classification were assessed on a per-patient basis.

Efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for T1 and T2 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma regarding organ preservation.

Background: Although the survival rate of early-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients treated by radiotherapy (RT) is sufficient, the larynx preservation rate is unsatisfactory. To improve the larynx preservation rate, such patients have been treated by RT with chemotherapeutic agents.

Patients And Methods: RT with or without uracil-tegafur (UFT) was performed for T1 cases, and UFT and carboplatin for T2 cases.

Analysis of feasibility and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with S-1 for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in elderly cases and/or cases with comorbidity.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with S-1 in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in elderly cases and/or cases with comorbidity.

Methods: Fifty eligible patients with stage III (15 cases) or stage IV (35 cases) SCCHN were treated with CCRT. Thirteen cases had an advanced age of over 75 years and 37 cases had comorbidity.

The efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Objective: Combined treatment modality, e.g., definitive surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) and definitive RT with concurrent chemotherapy, has been applied for advanced maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (MSSCC) patients to obtain a better survival with organ preservation in Japan.

Correlation between FDG-PET findings and GLUT1 expression in salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas.

Objective: One reason for the difficulty in accurate preoperative pathological diagnosis of major salivary gland tumors with fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is the tendency of pleomorphic adenomas to have a high, standardized uptake value (SUV). The expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and the quantity of GLUT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) were analyzed in specimens of pleomorphic adenoma to identify whether GLUT1 is responsible for the increased glucose uptake in FDG-PET examinations of these tumors.

Methods: Eighty salivary gland tumors resected at Yokohama City University Hospital were retrospectively investigated.

Treatment results and prognostic factors for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Objective: To review our experience in the treatment of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCR) for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and to evaluate the different factors affecting survival and primary organ preservation.

Methods: We reviewed the records of 101 patients with SCCHN treated with CCR between February 1998 and April 2004. Of 101 patients, 76 were treated with a cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, and leucovorin (PFML) regimen and 25 were treated with a carboplatin and uracil-tegafur (CBDCA-UFT) regimen.

Early assessment of clinical response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in head and neck carcinoma using fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the utility of FDG-PET in the evaluation of therapeutic effects at 4 weeks after the completion of the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCR) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: Thirty-one patients with previously untreated HNSCC were retrospectively investigated about FDG-PET, CT, MRI and biopsies of the carcinoma before and 4 weeks after the treatment.

Results: The results of pathological examinations after CCR showed 6 residual cases and 25 ones with a pathologically complete response (pCR).

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for T4 patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Objectives: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCR) was given for the previously untreated T4 hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and the response and survival rates were evaluated.

Patients And Methods: A total of 23 patients, namely, 15 for hypopharynx and 8 for larynx were eligible. These patients were given cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapeutic regimens with conventional radiotherapy for a total dose of 66.

Prognostic value of retropharyngeal node involvement in CT-based lymph node-positive pharyngeal cancer following radiotherapy.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of metastasis to the retropharyngeal nodes (RPN) in CT-based lymph node-positive head and neck patients by comparing other node levels.

Patients And Methods: A total of 175 CT-based lymph node-positive patients with carcinoma of the head and neck were managed with definitive radiation therapy. RPN involvement was identified only in pharyngeal cancer.

Decrease of creatinine clearance rate with aging in patients with head and neck cancer in Japan.

Background: We aimed to clarify the reason for the lower dosage of cis-platinum (CDDP) in patients with head and neck cancer in Japan compared with that in other countries, by evaluating renal function.

Methods: We studied 375 patients with head and neck cancer who had been hospitalized from January 1998 to October 2005, to evaluate and treat the disease. The creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was calculated at least three times before beginning the treatments, and the average Ccr was estimated to evaluate the renal function.

Antitumor effects of Nafamostat mesilate on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: Nafamostat mesilate (FUT-175), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, has antitumor activities toward adenocarcinoma, e.g., colon cancer.