Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method to Quantify Marker Compounds in var. and Its Effects in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and disordered defecation. IBS is associated with several factors, including visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, and gut-brain interaction disorders. Because currently available pharmacological treatments cannot adequately improve symptoms and may cause adverse effects, the use of herbal therapies for managing IBS is increasing.

Diterpenoids Isolated from Inhibited the Inflammatory Mediators in LPS-Induced HT-29 and RAW 264.7 Cells.

Species of are used traditionally in their native areas for the treatment of fevers, asthma, coughs, cholera, chest pain, arthritis, rheumatism, and sexually transmitted diseases. To identify natural products having efficacy against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we identified a new, 16-hydroxy-4β-carboxy--β-D-glucopyranosyl-19-nor-totarol () together with three known diterpenoids from . Furthermore, all the extracts, fractions, and isolates - were investigated for their anti-inflammatory effects by assessing the expression on nitric oxide (NO) production and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.