Self-evolving artificial intelligence framework to better decipher short-term large earthquakes.

Large earthquakes (EQs) occur at surprising loci and timing, and their descriptions remain a long-standing enigma. Finding answers by traditional approaches or recently emerging machine learning (ML)-driven approaches is formidably difficult due to data scarcity, interwoven multiple physics, and absent first principles. This paper develops a novel artificial intelligence (AI) framework that can transform raw observational EQ data into ML-friendly new features via basic physics and mathematics and that can self-evolve in a direction to better reproduce short-term large EQs.

Analytical Investigation of Replica-Molding-Enabled Nanopatterned Tribocharging Process on Soft-Material Surfaces.

Nanopatterned tribocharge can be generated on the surface of elastomers through their replica molding with nanotextured molds. Despite its vast application potential, the physical conditions enabling the phenomenon have not been clarified in the framework of analytical mechanics. Here, we explain the final tribocharge pattern by separately applying two models, namely cohesive zone failure and cumulative fracture energy, as a function of the mold nanotexture's aspect ratio.

Agarperoxinols A and B: Two Unprecedented Tricyclic 6/6/7 Rearranged Humulene-Type Sesquiterpenoids That Attenuated the Neuroinflammation in LPS-Stimulated Microglial Models.

Agarperoxinols A and B (), two naturally occurring humulene-type sesquiterpenoids with an unprecedented tricyclic 6/6/7 ring, were discovered from the agarwood of . Their structures were unambiguously determined by various spectroscopic data, experimental ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Agarperoxinol B showed significant and dose-dependent neuroinflammatory inhibitory effects on various proinflammatory mediators, including NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and suppressed iNOS and COX-2 enzymes in LPS-activated microglial cells.

Tackling Multi-Physics Nano-Scale Phenomena in Capillary Force Lithography with Small Data by Hybrid Intelligence.

The scientific community has been looking for novel approaches to develop nanostructures inspired by nature. However, due to the complicated processes involved, controlling the height of these nanostructures is challenging. Nanoscale capillary force lithography (CFL) is one way to use a photopolymer and alter its properties by exposing it to ultraviolet radiation.

Sharpen data-driven prediction rules of individual large earthquakes with aid of Fourier and Gauss.

Predicting individual large earthquakes (EQs)' locations, magnitudes, and timing remains unreachable. The author's prior study shows that individual large EQs have unique signatures obtained from multi-layered data transformations. Via spatio-temporal convolutions, decades-long EQ catalog data are transformed into pseudo-physics quantities (e.

Pursuit of hidden rules behind the irregularity of nano capillary lithography by hybrid intelligence.

Nature finds a way to leverage nanotextures to achieve desired functions. Recent advances in nanotechnologies endow fascinating multi-functionalities to nanotextures by modulating the nanopixel's height. But nanoscale height control is a daunting task involving chemical and/or physical processes.

Intestinal Immune Cell Populations, Barrier Function, and Microbiomes in Broilers Fed a Diet Supplemented with .

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary (CV) on the distribution of immune cells, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant markers, and the cecal microbiome in 10-day-old broiler chickens. A total of 120 day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to two dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design, with body weight as the blocking factor. Birds fed a diet containing CV showed an increase in CD4 T cells ( < 0.

Multivalent Carbohydrate Nanocomposites for Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling to Enhance Antitumor Immunity.

Current cancer immunotherapeutic strategies mainly focus on remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) to make it favorable for antitumor immunity. Increasing attention has been paid to developing innovative immunomodulatory adjuvants that can restore weakened antitumor immunity by conferring immunogenicity to inflamed tumor tissues. Here, a galactan-enriched nanocomposite (Gal-NC) is developed from native carbohydrate structures through an optimized enzymatic transformation for effective, stable, and biosafe innate immunomodulation.

Mechanisms of interactions in pattern-recognition of common glycostructures across pectin-derived heteropolysaccharides by Toll-like receptor 4.

Complex pectin, originating from terrestrial plant cell walls has been attracting research attention as a promising source of a new innate immune modulator. Numerous bioactive polysaccharides associated with pectin are newly reported every year, but the general mechanism of their immunological action remains unclear owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of pectin. Herein, we systematically investigated the interactions in pattern-recognition for common glycostructures of pectic heteropolysaccharides (HPSs) by Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Curvature-Adjustable Polymeric Nanolens Fabrication Using UV-Controlled Nanoimprint Lithography.

Nanolenses are gaining importance in nanotechnology, but their challenging fabrication is thwarting their wider adoption. Of particular challenge is facile control of the lens' curvature. In this work, we demonstrate a new nanoimprinting technique capable of realizing polymeric nanolenses in which the nanolens' curvature is optically controlled by the ultraviolet (UV) dose at the pre-curing step.

Gauss curvature-based unique signatures of individual large earthquakes and its implications for customized data-driven prediction.

Statistical descriptions of earthquakes offer important probabilistic information, and newly emerging technologies of high-precision observations and machine learning collectively advance our knowledge regarding complex earthquake behaviors. Still, there remains a formidable knowledge gap for predicting individual large earthquakes' locations and magnitudes. Here, this study shows that the individual large earthquakes may have unique signatures that can be represented by new high-dimensional features-Gauss curvature-based coordinates.

A pilot study on the effect of formulation and individual muscle mass on vitamin C absorption in randomized clinical study.

The current study investigated that the vitamin C absorption in plasma depends on the individual muscle mass and the formulation including drinks (Vita 500), capsules, and tablets by using a randomized and double-blind clinical study. The volunteers were divided into two groups that depended on their muscle mass, including those whose muscle mass was greater than 40% ( 40%) and less than 40% muscle mass (<40%). Levels of vitamin C in blood plasma was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography by ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV).

Unraveling hidden rules behind the wet-to-dry transition of bubble array by glass-box physics rule learner.

A liquid-gas foam, here called bubble array, is a ubiquitous phenomenon widely observed in daily lives, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, and even bio- and nano-technologies. This intriguing phenomenon has been often studied in a well-controlled environment in laboratories, computations, or analytical models. Still, real-world bubble undergoes complex nonlinear transitions from wet to dry conditions, which are hard to describe by unified rules as a whole.

Mechano-Triboelectric Analysis of Surface Charge Generation on Replica-Molded Elastomeric Nanodomes.

Replica molding-based triboelectrification has emerged as a new and facile technique to generate nanopatterned tribocharge on elastomer surfaces. The "mechano-triboelectric charging model" has been developed to explain the mechanism of the charge formation and patterning process. However, this model has not been validated to cover the full variety of nanotexture shapes.

Rapid Design and Analysis of Microtube Pneumatic Actuators Using Line-Segment and Multi-Segment Euler-Bernoulli Beam Models.

Soft material-based pneumatic microtube actuators are attracting intense interest, since their bending motion is potentially useful for the safe manipulation of delicate biological objects. To increase their utility in biomedicine, researchers have begun to apply shape-engineering to the microtubes to diversify their bending patterns. However, design and analysis of such microtube actuators are challenging in general, due to their continuum natures and small dimensions.

Facile synthesis of NF/ZnOx and NF/CoOx nanostructures for high performance supercapacitor electrode materials.

NF/ZnOx nanocone and NF/CoOx nanoparticle electrode materials were fabricated on a nickel foam surface using a simple chemical bath deposition approach and assessed as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). The electrochemical properties of the NF/ZnOx and NF/CoOx electrodes were examined by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated NF/ZnOx and NF/CoOx SCs devices exhibited a good specific capacitance of 2437 and 2142 F g at a current density of 20 mA g, respectively, in a three electrode system.

Hepatoprotective and anti-obesity effects of Korean blue honeysuckle extracts in high fat diet-fed mice.

Purpose: This study aimed to study the protective effects and mechanism of Blue Honeysuckle (BH) extracts (Berries of Lonicera caerulea L.) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity risk factors in a high fat-diet (HFD) model.

Methods: Animals adapted to HFD were selected after 1 week of adaption period and divided into 6 groups (8 mice in each group; 40 HFD-fed mice and 8 normal fat pellet diet (NFD)-fed mice).

Nanoscale Modulation of Friction and Triboelectrification via Surface Nanotexturing.

Nanoscale contact electrification (CE) of elastomer surfaces and the resulting tribocharge formation are important in many branches of nanotechnology but their mechanism is not fully clarified. In this Letter, we investigate the mechanism using the recently discovered phenomenon of replica molding-induced nanoscale CE. By generating tribocharge distributions patterned in close correlation with the interfacial nanotextures, the phenomenon provides well-defined targets for the investigation.

Ginseng berry extract increases nitric oxide level in vascular endothelial cells and improves cGMP expression and blood circulation in muscle cells.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether ginseng berry extract improves blood circulation by regulating vasodilator expression in exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-exposed endothelial cells and muscle cells.

Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and A7r5 cells exposed to ginseng berry extract were investigated. Based on the in vitro results, healthy participants were treated with ginseng berry extract for 4 weeks and then a non-invasive vascular screening device was used to confirm the improvement of blood circulation.

Replica molding-based nanopatterning of tribocharge on elastomer with application to electrohydrodynamic nanolithography.

Replica molding often induces tribocharge on elastomers. To date, this phenomenon has been studied only on untextured elastomer surfaces even though replica molding is an effective method for their nanotexturing. Here we show that on elastomer surfaces nanotextured through replica molding the induced tribocharge also becomes patterned at nanoscale in close correlation with the nanotexture.

Minimally Intrusive Optical Micro-Strain Sensing in Bulk Elastomer Using Embedded Fabry-Pérot Etalon.

A variety of strain sensors have been developed to measure internal deformations of elastomeric structures. Strain sensors measuring extremely small mechanical strain, however, have not yet been reported due mainly to the inherently intrusive integration of the sensor with the test structure. In this work, we report the development of a minimally intrusive, highly sensitive mechanical strain transducer realized by monolithically embedding a Fabry-Pérot (FP) etalon into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) block test structure.

A study on the changes in attractive force of magnetic attachments for overdenture.

Purpose: Although magnetic attachment is used frequently for overdenture, it is reported that attractive force can be decreased by abrasion and corrosion. The purpose of this study was to establish the clinical basis about considerations and long term prognosis of overdenture using magnetic attachments by investigating the change in attractive force of magnetic attachment applied to the patients.

Materials And Methods: Among the patients treated with overdenture using magnetic attachments in Dankook University Dental Hospital, attractive force records of 61 magnetic attachments of 20 subjects who re-visited from July 2013 to June 2014 were analyzed.

The effect of treadmill exercise on inflammatory responses in rat model of streptozotocin-induced experimental dementia of Alzheimer's type.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on inflammatory response in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: To induce the animal model of AD, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected into intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with 1.5 mg/kg of STZ.

Neuroprotective effects of treadmill exercise on BDNF and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway in the cortex of transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease.

(AD). Although physical exercise and AD have received attention in the scientific literature, the mechanism through which treadmill exercise may impact the brain insulin signaling of AD has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of treadmill exercise on apoptotic factors (Bcl-2/Bax ratio, caspase-3), HSP70, COX-2, BDNF and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway in the cortex of NSE/hPS2m transgenic mice model of AD.