Difficulties in diagnosis of laryngeal cysts in children.

Introduction: In larynx cysts may be localized in different regions: glottis, laryngeal pouch, epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and subglottic area. It is difficult to estimate if the cyst is acquired or congenital. Symptoms of laryngeal cyst depend on the size and localization of the cyst and include: change in the tone of voice, dysphonia, hoarseness, dysphagia, laryngeal stridor and dyspnoea.

Perioperative problems and treatment of a teenager with a juvenile angiofibroma refusing blood transfusion.

Objectives: Juvenile angiofibroma is a benign, non-encapsulated neoplasm, consisting of vascular and connective tissue. Its main feature is a local malignancy. In its clinical course it destroys adjoining structures, without metastasizing.

The history of pediatric otorhinolaryngology in Poland.

The past few decades have been a time of rapid and constantly-accelerating development in every field of medicine, including pediatrics and laryngology. The first pediatric laryngology unit set up in Poland was in the Warsaw Kopernik Hospital in 1908, and consisted of seven beds in the surgical ward. The actual development of the specialty in Poland began in the nineteen-forties.

[Tumours of the bony face in children the treated at the Paediatric ENT Clinic in Warsaw].

Introduction: The tumours of bony face at in children are rare. Among the most commonly found are inflammatory tumours and development anomalies. In histopathology, the most frequent fund are neuroma, fibromas, osteoma, lipomas.

Ear tuberculosis: clinical and surgical treatment.

Two main points are discussed in this paper: First, the changing picture of the clinical process of tuberculosis, and second, various diagnostic problems caused by extra-pulmonary forms. We have analysed a case of ear tuberculosis in a child, and drawn the following conclusions: Directed chemotherapy is the primary method of treatment, and surgical methods should be used to provide tissue for bacteriological and histopathological analysis, to enable an early diagnosis during the first stage of the disease, and in other atypical cases.

[Surgical treatment of breathing troubles in children's upper respiratory tract].

The reaction of child's organism to harmful factors is different than that of an adult. The child's organism has greater possibility of regeneration and is still developing. All this should be considered when planning conservative and especially surgical therapy for a patient of formative age.

Percutaneous tracheotomy in children.

We present three cases of the Fantoni percutaneous translaryngeal tracheostomy (TLT) performed under direct rigid bronchoscopy. The surgeries were performed in the near-drowned 5-year-old boy, and 15-year-old lupus erythematosus girl with a permanent brain damage resulted from a cardiac arrest, 11-year-old cardiac girl with postintubation laryngeal stenosis. In the first two cases, the procedure went uneventful; in one case the tube was accidentally pulled out during the rotation phase and surgical tracheostomy was performed.

Lower airway papillomatosis in children.

Laryngeal papilloma in children is a frequent disease caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) type 6 or type 11. This disease has a tendency to recur and the changes are histologically benign. In some cases papilloma may affect the lower levels of the respiratory tract.

The endoscopic treatment of postintubation laryngeal stenosis in children, using argon plasma coagulation.

Laryngeal stenosis of the larynx in children is becoming a more frequent problem. Endoscopic dilation of the lumen of the larynx is one of the many methods of treatment. The authors present their own method for the treatment of postintubation laryngeal stenosis by argon plasma coagulation (APC).

Dysfunction of peripheral blood granulocyte oxidative metabolism in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.

Granulocytes play a key role in the defence against bacterial infections. Their dysfunction may both predispose to and result from infections. The oxidative metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes was studied in 50 children aged from 1 to 10 years, with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and/or tonsillar hypertrophy.

A comparative study of cefaclor vs amoxicillin/clavulanate in pediatric pharyngotonsillitis.

Background: Pharyngotonsillitis (PT) caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) is one of the most common infections of childhood. Two antibiotic suspensions, cefaclor (CEF) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC), are commonly used in Poland for the treatment of PT caused by GABHS in children.

Material/methods: This multi-center, randomized, single-blinded study was undertaken in order to compare the efficacy and safety of CEF (20 mg/kg/d) and AMC (25 mg/kg/d) in 10 days treatment of GABHS-related PT.

[Management of nasal trauma in children].

In this study we investigated the optimal treatment of nasal fractures and nasal deformations in children. An algorithm for the management of nasal fractures by children is publicated.

Histological analysis of nasal polyps in children.

During 1991-1999, in the Children's ENT Department of Warsaw Medical University, 39 polypectomies were performed. We analysed the histological structure of all polyps. The most common type of nasal polyp tissue in children was the inflammatory polyp (95% of cases).

Surgical and prosthetic treatment of congenital absence of the nose: a case report.

This paper presents a case of a 5-year old girl with a congenital absence of the nose. Congenital arrhinia is a very rare malformation of the midfacial bones. The difficulties of treating a child with this abnormality are discussed.

Body build--is it a factor in acute subglottic laryngitis?

Acute subglottic laryngitis (pseudocroup) is caused by viral infection and usually occurs in children from 6 months to 4 years of age. Obese children are considered to be more susceptible to the disease. In order to evaluate the influence of nutritional status on acute subglottic laryngitis occurrence, an analysis of 193 patients was performed.

[Microsurgical treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis].

Authors present distant results of treatment in 15 patients with laryngeal papillomatosis between 11 and 21 years of age treated from 1975 to 1994 in Warsaw ENT Clinic for Children by microsurgery m. Kleinsasser. The course of disease, methods of treatment, ending treatment age present voice function plus other conditions of larynx was analysed.

[Ethmoiditis with orbital complications in children].

Five ethmoiditis cases with orbital complications in children aged 3.5 to 6 years were analysed. All were treated at almost at the same time in Warsaw hospitals in October 1994.

[Xanthogranuloma juvenile of the maxillary sinus].

The authors describe a rare case of xanthogranuloma juvenile of a nose and maxillary sinus in 3 years old girl. The tumor was situated in the left nasal cavity and the left sinus. Surgical treatment was done.

[Congenital nasal lipoma].

The authors describe a rare case of congenital lipoma of a nose and nasopharynx in a 7 months old girl. The tumor, about 7 x 2 cm, was situated in the right nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. The tumor caused complete obstruction of the right side of the nose.

[ Rhinoplasty in children].

The authors present modern methods of surgeon reconstructions nose's deformation. They analyse transplant material kinds. On the ground of 726 children operated in Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Warsaw University School of Medicine authors indicate that this operations has not unfavourable influence for anatomical nose's structures and his normal growth.

[Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe of the right preauricular area in a 3-year-old child].

The rare case of Malherbe calcifying epithelioma of the right preauricular area of the 3-years old girl was presented. The tumor was operated. The follow up without any sight of recurrence.